{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:01:54Z","timestamp":1789135314321,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organism survival depends on oxygen delivery and utilization to maintain the balance of energy and toxic oxidants production. This regulation is crucial to the brain, especially after acute injuries. Secondary insults after brain damage may include impaired cerebral metabolism, ischemia, intracranial hypertension and oxygen concentration disturbances such as hypoxia or hyperoxia. Recent data highlight the important role of clinical protocols in improving oxygen delivery and resulting in lower mortality in brain-injured patients. Clinical protocols guide the rules for oxygen supplementation based on physiological processes such as elevation of oxygen supply (by mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) modulation, cerebral vasoreactivity, oxygen capacity) and reduction of oxygen demand (by pharmacological sedation and coma or hypothermia). The aim of this review is to discuss oxygen metabolism in the brain under different conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T23:50:28Z","timestamp":1666741828000},"page":"1763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Consumption in Brain-Injured Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-0080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Siwicka-Gieroba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8502-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Go\u0142acki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7017-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Badenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0449-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Dabrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147949","article-title":"Life with Oxygen","volume":"318","author":"Semenza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zugur, S., Kunz, L., and Straka, H. 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