{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:42:25Z","timestamp":1760244145125,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postoperative complications such as seroma formation and wound-site infection occur following completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for melanoma. We analyzed the impact of time-to-drain removal and drainage volume on seroma formation after ALND. We retrospectively analyzed data from 118 patients after completion ALND for melanoma. Primary endpoints were daily amount of drainage volume, seroma formation and time-to-drain removal. Secondary endpoints included patient-related, disease-specific and perioperative parameters as well as the number of histologically analyzed lymph nodes and surgical complications graded by the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification (CDCL). Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Drain removal around the 8th postoperative day was statistically associated with a lower risk for the occurrence of seroma formation (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with an increased drainage volume during the early postoperative days were more prone to develop seroma after drain removal. With 49% (CDCL I and II), most complications were managed conservatively, while only 5.9% (CDCL III) required revision surgery (CDCL overall: 55.9%). ALND is a safe procedure with a low rate of severe CDCL III type of complications. To decrease seroma evacuation, our results imply that drains should be removed around the 8th postoperative day to reduce the risk of infection, readmission or prolonged hospitalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1667897576000},"page":"1862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suction Drain Volume following Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma\u2014When to Remove Drains? A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Raimund","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Tuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wurzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Schaunig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Sawetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith C. J.","family":"Holzer-Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Georg","family":"Gmainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Luze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herwig","family":"Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistics, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Richtig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars-Peter","family":"Kamolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"COREMED\u2014Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Joanneum Research GmbH, Neue Stiftingtalstra\u00dfe 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Benjamin","family":"Lumenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v126","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv297","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Dummer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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