{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T13:18:49Z","timestamp":1761311929974,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lipodystrophy is one of the most frequent complications in people with diabetes following subcutaneous insulin therapy, and poor management can lead to several problems, such as impaired glycemic control and adherence to therapy, anxiety, and depression. Poor injection technique represents the main risk factor for lipodystrophies. In order to enhance the patient\u2019s insulin injection technique to heal lipodystrophy, improve psychological indices, and promote involvement in their health and care, the efficacy of emerging person-centered care called the IARA model was tested. Methods: A total of 49 patients were randomly allocated to the IARA group (Experimental; n = 25) or standard education (Control; n = 24). The following questionnaires were used in a mixed-method design: (i) State Anxiety Scale; (ii) Beck Depression Inventory; (iii) Italian Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. An ad hoc open-ended questionnaire was structured for the qualitative analysis. Finally, photos were taken in order to verify if injection sites were changed until the follow-up at 12 months. The number of patients who participated until the completion of the study was 17 in the IARA and 11 in the Control group. Results: State anxiety was significantly reduced in people who followed IARA to follow-up at 3 and 6 months (p &lt; 0.05). The IARA group also demonstrated better compliance in blood glucose monitoring and foot-care compared to Control at follow-up at 12 months. The management of insulin injections dramatically improved in participants who received IARA intervention. Conclusions: IARA could be considered an effective strategy to improve well-being and compliance in people affected with diabetes mellitus and lipodystrophy complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1667897576000},"page":"1865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of the Person Focused IARA Model in Reducing Anxiety and Improving Body Awareness and Illness Management in Diabetics with Acquired Lipodystrophy: A Mixed-Method Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Viglino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1832-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Sellami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Broglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Scuntero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Padovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiara Association Onlus, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Maulini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3163-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Beccuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2650-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Barattucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Kuva\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, HR-21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 10). 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