{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:42:49Z","timestamp":1760244169666,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The postsurgical Clavien\u2013Dindo classification in minor surgery can improve perception and communication (Investigation on Blepharoplasty). Background: Minor surgery lacks a standardized postoperative complication classification. This leads to the presentation of inaccurate postsurgical complication rates and makes comparisons challenging, especially for patients seeking information. This study aims to evaluate a standardized five-step complication grading system (Clavien\u2013Dindo Classification, CDC) on the example of blepharoplasty, which is the most performed minor aesthetic surgery worldwide. Methods: A retrospective observational exploratory study of patients (N = 344) who received a bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty under local anesthesia from the same surgical staff was performed. Data were retrieved from the electronic patient record: the CDC grading and the surgeon-reported complications (N = 128) at the first follow-up on day 7. In addition, a telephone survey with patients (N = 261) after 6 months was performed, which consisted of 7 complication-related yes\/no questions. Results: Based on the CDC, 41.6% of patients were classified as having no complications, and 58.4% had one. Furthermore, 1 patient (0.3%) received a revision under general anesthesia (CDC IIIb), 18 patients (5.2%) were re-operated under local anesthesia (CDC IIIa), 23 patients (6.7%) required pharmacological intervention (CDC II), and 159 patients (46.2%) had a complication from the normal postoperative course and received supportive treatment (CDC I). Moreover, 90.5% of the mentioned complications accounted for Grade I and II; 94% of the patients subjectively experienced no complications; 51% of patients were pleased with the surgery even though a complication occurred according to the CDC; 34% of complications escaped the awareness of the surgeon. Conclusions: Grade I and II complications occurred frequently. Complications escaped the perception of the patients and surgeons. The classification identifies a wide variety of postsurgical complications and allows a standardized comparison in minor surgery objectively. Potential: The CDC in minor procedures can improve the (institutional) preoperative communication with patients regarding potential postoperative expectations. Furthermore, the classification can be a useful tool to detect complication-related costs, identify insurance-related requests, and support evidence in medicolegal disputes. The example of blepharoplasty can be translated to various other and even less invasive procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T02:28:58Z","timestamp":1668479338000},"page":"1900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Postsurgical Clavien\u2013Dindo Classification in Minor Surgery Can Improve Perception and Communication (Investigation on Blepharoplasty)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2312-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gertraud","family":"Eylert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada"},{"name":"Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Wolfsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Reischies-Meikl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Joint Facilities, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2587-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Michelitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars-Peter","family":"Kamolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Coremed\u2014Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Benjamin","family":"Lumenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ISAPS (2014). 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