{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:42:11Z","timestamp":1790181731080,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious keratitis is a severe infection of the eye, which requires urgent care in order to prevent permanent complications. Typical cases are usually diagnosed clinically, whereas severe cases also require additional tools, such as direct microscopy, corneal cultures, molecular techniques, or ophthalmic imaging. The initial treatment is empirical, based on the suspected etiology, and is later adjusted as needed. It ranges from topical administration of active substances to oral drugs, or to complex surgeries in advanced situations. A novel alternative is represented by Photoactivated Chromophore Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (PACK-CXL), which is widely known as a minimally invasive therapy for corneal degenerations. The purpose of this review is to identify the main diagnostic and prognostic factors which further outline the indications and contraindications of PACK-CXL in infectious keratitis. Given the predominantly positive outcomes in the medical literature, we ponder whether this is a promising treatment modality, which should be further evaluated in a systematic, evidence-based manner in order to develop a clear treatment protocol for successful future results, especially in carefully selected cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1668565887000},"page":"1907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Photoactivated Chromophore Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Infectious Keratitis (PACK-CXL)\u2014A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Factors Involved in Therapeutic Indications and Contraindications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ileana Ramona","family":"Barac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology\/ENT, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest Emergency Eye Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada-Raluca","family":"Artamonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bucharest Emergency Eye Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Balt\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology\/ENT, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest Emergency Eye Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology\/ENT, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest Emergency Eye Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mehedin\u021bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Bobirc\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Balt\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology\/ENT, Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Bucharest Emergency Eye Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Andreea","family":"Barac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050747 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14113","article-title":"Infectious keratitis: A review","volume":"50","author":"Khoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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