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However, the relationship between muscle distribution and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study was to determine the relationship between regional muscle distribution and the risk and severity of NAFLD. Methods: This cross-sectional study ultimately included 3161 participants. NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography was classified into three groups (non, mild, and moderate\/severe). We estimated the regional body muscle mass (lower limbs, upper limbs, extremities, and trunk) through multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The relative muscle mass was defined as the muscle mass adjusted for the body mass index (BMI). Results: NAFLD participants accounted for 29.9% (945) of the study\u2019s population. Individuals with a higher lower limb, extremity, and trunk muscle mass had a lower risk of NAFLD (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with moderate\/severe NAFLD had a lower muscle mass of the lower limbs and trunk than patients with mild NAFLD (p &lt; 0.001), while the muscle mass of the upper limbs and extremities did not differ significantly between the two groups. Moreover, similar results were found for both sexes and among different age groups. Conclusions: A higher muscle mass of the lower limbs, extremities, and trunk was negatively associated with the risk of NAFLD. A lower muscle mass of the limbs and trunk was inversely associated with the severity of NAFLD. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development of individualized exercise prescriptions for the prevention of NAFLD in non-NAFLD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T01:30:30Z","timestamp":1674696630000},"page":"209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between Regional Body Muscle Mass and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Study Using Data from the REACTION Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shizhan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of 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250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3267-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7413-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiude","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0144-8","article-title":"Past, present and future perspectives in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Sanyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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