{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:21Z","timestamp":1760147361750,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bagenkop Nielsens \u00d8jen-Fond"},{"name":"Fight for Sight Denmark"},{"name":"Fonden for Faglig Udvikling i Speciall\u00e6gepraksis"},{"name":"The Danish Research Foundation"},{"name":"Synoptik-Fonden"},{"name":"Danish Regions"},{"name":"Gangstedfonden"},{"name":"Reimbursement from Regional COVID-19 funds"},{"name":"Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond"},{"name":"A.P. M\u00f8ller Fonden (L\u00e6gefonden)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of pupil size measurements over time and between reading methods when comparing human-assisted reading to automated reading. Pupillary data were analyzed on a subset of myopic children enrolled in a multicenter randomized clinical trial on myopia control with low-dose atropine. Pupil size measurements were obtained prior to randomization at two time points (screening and baseline visits) using a dedicated pupillometer under mesopic and photopic conditions. A customized algorithm was built to perform automated readings, allowing comparisons between human-assisted and automated readings. Reproducibility analyses followed the principles of Bland and Altman and included the calculation of the mean difference between measurements and limits of agreement (LOA). We included 43 children. Mean (standard deviation) age was 9.8 (1.7) years and 25 (58%) children were girls. Using human-assisted readings, reproducibility over time showed mesopic mean difference of 0.02 mm with LOA from \u22120.87 mm to 0.91 mm, whereas photopic mean difference was \u22120.01 mm with LOA from \u22120.25 mm to 0.23 mm. Reproducibility between human-assisted and automated readings was also higher under photopic conditions, with mean difference of 0.03 mm and LOA from \u22120.03 mm to 0.10 mm at screening and mean difference of 0.03 mm and LOA from \u22120.06 mm to 0.12 mm at baseline. Using a dedicated pupillometer, we found that examinations performed under photopic conditions demonstrated higher reproducibility over time and between reading methods. We speculate whether mesopic measurements are sufficiently reproducible to be monitored over time. Furthermore, photopic measurements may be of greater relevance when evaluating the side effects of atropine treatment, such as photophobia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T02:52:02Z","timestamp":1675219922000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reproducibility of Mesopic and Photopic Pupil Sizes in Myopic Children Using a Dedicated Pupillometer with Human-Assisted or Automated Reading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Hvid-Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"B\u00e6kgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Hjortdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark\u2014Vejle Hospital, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.18","article-title":"Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function","volume":"1","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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