{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:18:57Z","timestamp":1791555537544,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bagenkop Nielsens \u00d8jen-Fond"},{"name":"Fight for Sight Denmark"},{"name":"Fonden for Faglig Udvikling i Speciall\u00e6gepraksis"},{"name":"Danish Research Foundation"},{"name":"Synoptik-Fonden"},{"name":"Danish Regions"},{"name":"Gangstedfonden"},{"name":"Reimbursement from Regional COVID-19 funds"},{"name":"Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond"},{"name":"A.P. M\u00f8ller Fonden (L\u00e6gefonden)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect and safety of low-dose atropine in myopia control have not been studied in randomized, placebo-controlled trials outside Asia. We investigated the efficacy and safety of 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.01% atropine compared with a placebo in a European population. Investigator-initiated, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, equal-allocation, multicenter study comparing 0.1% atropine loading dose (six months) followed by 0.01% atropine (18 months), 0.01% atropine (24 months), and placebo (24 months). Participants were monitored for a 12-months washout period. Outcome measures were axial length (AL), cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE), photopic and mesopic pupil size, accommodation amplitude, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and adverse reactions and events. We randomized 97 participants (mean [standard deviation] age, 9.4 [1.7] years; 55 girls (57%) and 42 boys (43%)). After six months, AL was 0.13 mm shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.18 to \u22120.07 [adjusted p &lt; 0.001]) with 0.1% atropine loading dose and 0.06 mm shorter (95% CI, \u22120.11 to \u22120.01 [adjusted p = 0.06]) with 0.01% atropine than in the placebo group. We observed similar dose-dependent changes in SE, pupil size, accommodation amplitude, and adverse reactions. No significant differences in visual acuity or IOP were found between groups, and no serious adverse reactions were reported. We found a dose-dependent effect of low-dose atropine in European children without adverse reactions requiring photochromatic or progressive spectacles. Our results are comparable to those observed in East Asia, indicating that results on myopia control with low-dose atropine are generalizable across populations with different racial backgrounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T02:16:01Z","timestamp":1676340961000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Myopia Control with Low-Dose Atropine in European Children: Six-Month Results from a Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Hvid-Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark\u2014Vejle Hospital, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toke","family":"Bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Ozenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014 K\u00f8benhavn K, Denmark"},{"name":"Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12478","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in a rural Korean population","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. 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