{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:15:05Z","timestamp":1790777705883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC 015910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC 015910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DC 020855-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DC 020855-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since being FDA approved in 1984, cochlear implantation has been used successfully to restore hearing in those with severe to profound hearing loss with broader applications including single-sided deafness, the use of hybrid electroacoustic stimulation, and implantation at all extremes of age. Cochlear implants have undergone multiple changes in the design aimed at improving the processing technology, while simultaneously minimizing the surgical trauma and foreign body reaction. The following review examines the human temporal bone studies regarding the anatomy of the human cochlea and how the anatomy relates to cochlear implant design, the factors related to complications after implantation, and the predictors of new tissue formation and osteoneogenesis. Histopathological studies are reviewed which aim to understand the potential implications of the effects of new tissue formation and inflammation following implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1676863746000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Archival Human Temporal Bone: Anatomical and Histopathological Studies of Cochlear Implantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Ishiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Ishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.08.002","article-title":"Expansion of audiological criteria for pediatric cochlear implantation","volume":"54","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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