{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:25:49Z","timestamp":1781814349728,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The authors conducted a 2-year retrospective follow-up to investigate the efficiency of an extraforaminal full-endoscopic approach with foraminoplasty used to treat lateral compressive diseases of the lumbar spine in 247 patients. Methods: The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and MacNab scale were used to analyze the results collected during the preoperative and postoperative periods. Results: The most common diagnosis was disk herniation with lateral recess stenosis, and the most common surgical level among patients was between L4 and L5 on the left side. Pain decreased over time, as determined during sessions held to evaluate pain in the lumbar, gluteal, led, and foot regions. The ODI demonstrated significant enhancement over the evaluation period and the MacNab scale classified the surgery as good or excellent. The most common complication was dysesthesia. Conclusions: An extraforaminal full-endoscopic approach with foraminoplasty can be recommended in cases of lateral herniation or stenosis for patients with symptoms of radiculopathy, and for those who have not responded to conventional rehabilitation treatment or chronic pain management. Few complications arose as a result of this approach, and most of them were treated clinically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1677637697000},"page":"453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Extraforaminal Full-Endoscopic Approach for the Treatment of Lateral Compressive Diseases of the Lumbar Spine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Machado","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Samaritan Hospital in Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01232-010, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsen","family":"de Oliveira Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Queiroz","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Flores","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6771-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Vitelli","family":"Depieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel Falbel","family":"Lug\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rangel Roberto","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Squiapati","family":"Graciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique Dias","family":"Sandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esthael Cristina Querido Avelar","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, Sao Paulo 01419-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herton Rodrigo Tavares","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo University, Ribeirao Preto 14015-010, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helton Luiz Aparecido","family":"Defino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Sao Paulo University, Ribeirao Preto 14015-010, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03060150061016","article-title":"Enzyme Dissolution of the Nucleus Pulposus in Humans","volume":"187","author":"Smith","year":"1964","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Percutaneous nuclectomy: A method of percutaneous nuclear extraction","volume":"5","author":"Hijikata","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. 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