{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:06:50Z","timestamp":1777028810942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger often leads to global hand-function detriment. Different techniques for the arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint have been described that all lead to union in a reasonable percentage of patients and period of time. This biomechanical study aims to analyze and compare the primary stability of different techniques of arthrodesis to render postoperative immobilization unnecessary. Methods: Arthrodeses of 40\u00b0 of composite cylinders were tested with different techniques in four-point bending for stability in extension as well as flexion. Results: In extension, the compression screw and the compression wires showed the highest stability\u2014whereas in flexion, plate fusion was superior. Tension band, cerclage or compression screw fusion showed the best compromise in flexion\/extension stability. Conclusions: Fusion techniques that apply compression to the fusion show superior stability. Cerclage, tension band and compression screws might be able to provide enough stability to withstand the forces exerted during unencumbered activities of daily living. Arthrodesis with plates should be limited to patients with special indications and require immobilization during consolidation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T02:27:25Z","timestamp":1677810445000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Arthrodesis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint of the Finger\u2014A Biomechanical Study of Primary Stability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Millrose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Medical Centre, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Christoph","family":"Vonderlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, HELIOS Hospital Schwerin\u2014University Campus of MSH Medical School Hamburg, 19055 Schwerin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Thannheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Medical Centre, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Ittermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP\/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1267-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Willauschus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann-Josef","family":"Bail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Eisenschenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180042","article-title":"The proximal interphalangeal joint: Arthritis and deformity","volume":"4","author":"Herren","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90096-A","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand: Arthroplasty or fusion?","volume":"15","author":"Pellegrini","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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