{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:28:54Z","timestamp":1788866934129,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008385","name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFC#16\/2005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#16\/2005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008385","name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFC#21\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#21\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008385","name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFC#20\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#20\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008385","name":"Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFC#24\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFC#24\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance is annually assessed in patients with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) through oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) as a screening measure for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. We aimed to describe the distribution and provide reference quartiles of OGTT-related variables in the Italian cystic fibrosis population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of PwCF receiving care in three Italian cystic fibrosis centers of excellence, from 2016 to 2020. We performed a modified 2-h OGTT protocol (1.75 g\/kg, maximum 75 g), sampling at baseline and at 30-min intervals, analyzing plasma glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide. The modified OGTT allowed for the modeling of \u03b2 cell function. For all variables, multivariable quantile regression was performed to estimate the median, the 25th, and 75th percentiles, with age, sex, and pancreatic insufficiency as predictors. Results: We have quantified the deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion with age according to sex and pancreatic insufficiency, highlighting a deviation from linearity both for patients &lt;10 years and &gt;35 years of age. Conclusions: References of OGTT variables for PwCF provide a necessary tool to not only identify patients at risk for CFRD or other cystic fibrosis-related complications, but also to evaluate the effects of promising pharmacological therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:49:08Z","timestamp":1678074548000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distribution of OGTT-Related Variables in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis from Puberty to Adulthood: An Italian Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Foppiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1493-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Ciciriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0699-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Bisogno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Com-menda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bricchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Com-menda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8975-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Com-menda 9, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Alghisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzina","family":"Lucidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Catena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Hub Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico G. Martino, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariacristina","family":"Lucanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Hub Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico G. Martino, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bedogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit Addressed to Frailty and Aging, Department of Primary Health Care, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Battezzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7006.655","article-title":"Glucose tolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis: Five year prospective study","volume":"311","author":"Lanng","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0586","article-title":"Cystic fibrosisrelated diabetes: Current trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality","volume":"32","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"100278","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Sandouk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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