{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:03:27Z","timestamp":1791975807585,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila through the in-stitutional program Publish not Perish"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epilepsy is a common condition worldwide, with approximately 50 million people suffering from it. A single seizure does not mean epilepsy; almost 10% of the population can have a seizure during their lifetime. In particular, there are many other central nervous system disorders other than epilepsy in which seizures occur, either transiently or as a comorbid condition. The impact of seizures and epilepsy is, therefore, widespread and easily underestimated. It is estimated that about 70% of patients with epilepsy could be seizure-free if correctly diagnosed and treated. However, for patients with epilepsy, quality of life is influenced not only by seizure control but also by antiepileptic drug-adverse reactions, access to education, mood, employment, and transportation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1680491311000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["State of the Art and Challenges in Epilepsy\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aida","family":"Manole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Sirbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (Neuropsy-Cog), Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Mititelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department No.8, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Vasiliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242, Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit\u2014Neuroscience Dept. A.S.S.T.Lecco, Merate Hospital, 23807 Merate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Sirbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentina","family":"Ionita Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01005.x","article-title":"Incidence of Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935\u20131984","volume":"36","author":"Annegers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02586.x","article-title":"Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935\u20131984","volume":"34","author":"Hauser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x","article-title":"Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy: Definitions Proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)","volume":"46","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","article-title":"ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Scheffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1750","article-title":"Do generalized tonic-clonic seizures in infancy exist?","volume":"65","author":"Korff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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