{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:03:27Z","timestamp":1760148207834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic post-herpetic neuralgia (CPHN) is a symptomatic condition that afflicts adults and elderly individuals. The chronicity of this symptomatology can be conditioned by the epigenetic modifications induced by the virus on the processes of neurotransmission and sensitivity to pain. The aim of this study is to investigate whether manipulating endogenous bioelectrical activity (EBA), responsible for neurotransmission processes and contributing to the induction of epigenetic modifications, can alleviate pain symptoms. Methods: This manipulation was carried out with the antalgic neuromodulation (ANM) treatment of radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology. Pain assessment before and after treatment was performed using a numerical analog scale (NAS) and a simple descriptive scale (SDS). Results: The results of the analysis showed an over four-point decrease in NAS scale score and over one point decrease in SDS scale score, with a statistical significance for both tests of p &lt; 0.005. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study demonstrate how REAC ANM manipulation of EBA can lead to improvement in epigenetically conditioned symptoms such as CPHN. These results should prompt further research to expand knowledge and ensure optimized therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T02:02:33Z","timestamp":1681178553000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["REAC Antalgic Neuro Modulation in Chronic Post Herpetic Neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita Pinheiro","family":"Barcessat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68900-350, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas dos Santos","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68900-350, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca G\u00f3es","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68900-350, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danyela","family":"Darienso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Post Graduate Program-PPGCS\u2013UNIFAP, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68900-350, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Grose, C., and Carpenter, J.E. (2014). Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.011","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus infection: Clinical features, molecular pathogenesis of disease, and latency","volume":"26","author":"Mueller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136225","article-title":"Herpesvirus latency","volume":"130","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab055","article-title":"Severe brachial plexopathy secondary to shingles (herpes zoster)","volume":"50","author":"McFeely","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"e10762","article-title":"Shingles (herpes zoster) mimicking acute abdomen","volume":"12","author":"Monib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000000905","article-title":"Shingles","volume":"38","author":"Fritz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Home Healthc. Now"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.07.016","article-title":"Herpes zoster in the older adult","volume":"31","author":"John","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1403062","article-title":"Clinical practice. Postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"371","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2015.28.3.177","article-title":"Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: Practical consideration for prevention and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Jeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-012-0014-3","article-title":"Diagnosing and managing postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"29","author":"Nalamachu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: From mechanisms to treatment","volume":"101","author":"Finnerup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18200","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18200","article-title":"Electrophysiological effects of non-invasive radio electric asymmetric conveyor (reac) on thalamocortical neural activities and perturbed experimental conditions","volume":"5","author":"Zippo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01466","article-title":"Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the numeric rating scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: Variability and influence of sex and catastrophizing","volume":"7","author":"Boonstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1983.159","article-title":"Studies with different types of visual analog scales for measurement of pain","volume":"34","author":"Sriwatanakul","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"953","article-title":"Comparison of two pain rating scales among chinese cancer patients","volume":"105","author":"George","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2011.00074","article-title":"DNA methylation: A timeline of methods and applications","volume":"2","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"109","article-title":"Reac-induced endogenous bioelectric currents in the treatment of venous ulcers: A three-arm randomized controlled prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Elio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Alp. Pannonica Adriat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.11.023","article-title":"Endogenous bioelectrics in development, cancer, and regeneration: Drugs and bioelectronic devices as electroceuticals for regenerative medicine","volume":"22","author":"Levin","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e13-12-0708","article-title":"Molecular bioelectricity: How endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-021-06915-0","article-title":"Soliton interaction control through dispersion and nonlinear effects for the fifth-order nonlinear schr\u00f6dinger equation","volume":"106","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01849-3","article-title":"Solitonic conduction of electrotonic signals in neuronal branchlets with polarized microstructure","volume":"7","author":"Poznanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12122","article-title":"Soliton: A dispersion-less solution with existence and its types","volume":"8","author":"Arora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.14704\/nq.2013.11.1.601","article-title":"Neural synergetics, lorenz model of brain, soliton-chaos double solutions and physical neurobiology","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroQuantology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00779","article-title":"The soliton and the action potential\u2014Primary elements underlying sentience","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S26123","article-title":"Brain activity modification produced by a single radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation pulse: A new tool for neuropsychiatric treatments. Preliminary fmri study","volume":"7","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5668","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05668","article-title":"Long-lasting changes in brain activation induced by a single reac technology pulse in wi-fi bands. Randomized double-blind fmri qualitative study","volume":"4","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e25768","article-title":"Long-lasting efficacy of radio electric asymmetric conveyer neuromodulation treatment on functional dysmetria, an adaptive motor behavior","volume":"14","author":"Fontani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"681","article-title":"Noninvasive radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation in the treatment of stress-related pain and physical problems: Psychometric evaluation in a randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled, naturalistic study","volume":"4","author":"Fontani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S271537","article-title":"Radio electric asymmetric conveyer neurobiological treatments in non-specific neck pain: A retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Pellegata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"331","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain in brazil: A national internet-based survey study","volume":"1","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","article-title":"Survey of chronic pain in europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., and Chang, M.C. (2019). Chronic pain: Structural and functional changes in brain structures and associated negative affective states. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133130"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.01.012","article-title":"Chronic pain: Emerging evidence for the involvement of epigenetics","volume":"73","author":"Denk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/gm416","article-title":"Genes and epigenetic processes as prospective pain targets","volume":"5","author":"Crow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00158","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications associated to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain after neural trauma","volume":"12","author":"Penas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00118","article-title":"Editorial: Epigenetic mechanisms regulating neural plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Schliebs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743207","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.743207","article-title":"Mecp2 epigenetic silencing of oprm1 gene in primary sensory neurons under neuropathic pain conditions","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380504","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1380504","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis of genes and mechanisms in postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"2020","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12385","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic post-herpetic neuralgia","volume":"54","author":"Ing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-021-03489-6","article-title":"Epigenetic dysregulation in various types of cells exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields","volume":"386","author":"Giorgi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2969-F0210","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation following electrical stimulation in neurons","volume":"63","author":"Ashok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/13\/4\/653\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:13:37Z","timestamp":1760123617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/13\/4\/653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm13040653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13040653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4426"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]}}}