{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1787724833685,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IRSC Catayseur","award":["CRS-2021-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS-2021-118"]}]},{"name":"Services et recherches psychiatriques AD","award":["CRS-2021-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS-2021-118"]}]},{"name":"Fondation L\u00e9vesque","award":["CRS-2021-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRS-2021-118"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a complex issue, even more so when it is comorbid with a severe mental disorder (SMD). Available interventions are at best slightly effective, and their effects are not maintained over time. Therefore, the integration of virtual reality (VR) may increase efficacy; however, it has not yet been investigated in the treatment of CUD. A novel approach, avatar intervention for CUD, uses existing therapeutic techniques from other recommended therapies (e.g., cognitive behavioral methods, motivational interviewing) and allows participants to practice them in real-time. During immersive sessions, participants are invited to interact with an avatar representing a significant person related to their drug use. This pilot clinical trial aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacity of avatar intervention for CUD on 19 participants with a dual diagnosis of SMD and CUD. Results showed a significant moderate reduction in the quantity of cannabis use (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.611, p = 0.004), which was confirmed via urinary quantification of cannabis use. Overall, this unique intervention shows promising results. Longer-term results, as well as comparison with classical interventions in a larger sample, are warranted through a future single-blind randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T13:54:46Z","timestamp":1682949286000},"page":"766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Avatar Intervention for Cannabis Use Disorder in Individuals with Severe Mental Disorders: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1624-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Potvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Dellazizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles-\u00c9douard","family":"Gigu\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Furtos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3113-9104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kingsada","family":"Phraxayavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Dumais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the University Institute in Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Institut National de Psychiatrie L\u00e9gale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC H1C 1H1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022). 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