{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:58:06Z","timestamp":1787864286846,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A shallow sulcus characterizes trochlear dysplasia (TD) of the femoral trochlea, which can lead to chronic pain or instability of the patellofemoral joint. Breech presentation at birth has been identified as a risk factor for developing this condition, which an ultrasound can identify early. Early treatment could be considered at this stage, given the potential for remodelling in these skeletally immature patients. Newborns with breech presentation at birth who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and randomised in equal proportions between treatment with the Pavlik harness and observation. The primary objective is to determine the difference in the means of the sulcus angle between the two treatment arms at two months. Ours is the first study protocol to evaluate an early non-invasive treatment for TD in the newborn with breech presentation at birth using a Pavlik harness. We hypothesised that trochlear dysplasia could be reverted when identified and treated early in life with a simple harness, as it is done with developmental dysplasia of the hip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T03:34:53Z","timestamp":1683516893000},"page":"796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early Identification and Treatment of Trochlear Knee Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Moya-Angeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 30003 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Cirug\u00eda Avanzada de Rodilla, 30005 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Murcia University, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-2344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo","family":"Maestre-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"de la Torre-Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Ribera, 46600 Alzira, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Serrano-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Alcaraz-Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pedro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pa\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Salcedo-C\u00e1novas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Forriol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University CEU-San Pablo, 28668 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0429-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente J.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 30003 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Cirug\u00eda Avanzada de Rodilla, 30005 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649","article-title":"Factors of patellar instability: An anatomic radiographic study","volume":"2","author":"Dejour","year":"1994","journal-title":"Knee Surg. 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