{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:35:05Z","timestamp":1790876105492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aim: Reconstruction of the fractured orbit remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare anatomical preformed titanium orbital implants with patient-specific CAD\/CAM implants for precision and intraoperative applicability. Material and Methods: A total of 75 orbital reconstructions from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively assessed for their precision of implant position and intra- and postoperative revision rates. For this purpose, the implant position after digital orbital reconstruction was checked for deviations by mirroring the healthy orbit at 5 defined points, and the medical records of the patients were checked for revisions. Results: The evaluation of the 45 anatomical preformed orbital implant cases showed significantly higher deviations and an implant inaccuracy of 66.6% than the 30 CAD\/CAM cases with only 10% inaccuracy. In particular, the CAD\/CAM implants were significantly more precise in medial and posterior positioning. In addition, the intraoperative revision rates of 26.6% vs. 11% after 3D intraoperative imaging and the postoperative revision rates of 13% vs. 0 for the anatomical preformed implants were significantly higher than for patient-specific implants. Conclusion: We conclude that patient-specific CAD\/CAM orbital implants are highly suitable for primary orbital reconstruction. These seem to be preferable to anatomical preformed implants in terms of precision and revision rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T08:09:44Z","timestamp":1684397384000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of Anatomical Preformed Titanium Implants and Patient-Specific CAD\/CAM Implants in the Primary Reconstruction of Isolated Orbital Fractures\u2014A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pietzka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sakkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-9264.2015.122","article-title":"Materials to facilitate orbital reconstruction and soft tissue filling in posttraumatic orbital deformaties","volume":"3","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast. 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