{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:17:56Z","timestamp":1781777876147,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant","award":["101029676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101029676"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["101029676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101029676"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with well-documented clinical differences between female and male patients. However, this gender gap is very poorly studied at the molecular level. (2) Methods: Expression differences in whole blood transcriptomics between female and male CF patients are analyzed in order to determine the pathways related to sex-biased genes and assess their potential influence on sex-specific effects in CF patients. (3) Results: We identify sex-biased genes in female and male CF patients and provide explanations for some sex-specific differences at the molecular level. (4) Conclusion: Genes in key pathways associated with CF are differentially expressed between sexes, and thus may account for the gender gap in morbidity and mortality in CF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13060924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1685508051000},"page":"924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Toward a Systematic Assessment of Sex Differences in Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8095-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromorphic Information Processing, Institute of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Augustusplatz 10, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center of Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, H\u00e4rtelstra\u00dfe 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Pathobiochemistry, Medical School and University Medical Center East Westphalia-Lippe, Hospital Lippe, Bielefeld University, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 18, D-32756 Detmold, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4573-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Fallmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center of Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, H\u00e4rtelstra\u00dfe 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter F.","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center of Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, H\u00e4rtelstra\u00dfe 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0523-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Pathobiochemistry, Medical School and University Medical Center East Westphalia-Lippe, Hospital Lippe, Bielefeld University, R\u00f6ntgenstra\u00dfe 18, D-32756 Detmold, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2028-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Berkemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIX CNRS UMR 7161, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France"},{"name":"Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-I7E-318 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00196314","article-title":"Future trends in cystic fibrosis demography in 34 European countries","volume":"46","author":"Burgel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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