{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:22:13Z","timestamp":1780514533936,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Finland research funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial asymmetry is common in unilateral clefts. Since virtual surgical planning (VSP) is becoming more common and automated segmentation is utilized more often, the position and asymmetry of the orbits can affect the design outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients requiring orthognathic surgery have asymmetry of the bony orbits. Retrospectively, we analyzed the preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or computed tomography (CT) data of UCLP (n = 15) patients scheduled for a Le Fort 1 (n = 10) or bimaxillary osteotomy (n = 5) with VSP at the Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Helsinki University Hospital. The width, height, and depth of the bony orbit and the distance between the sella turcica and infraorbital canal were measured. A volumetric analysis of the orbits was also performed. The measurements were tested for distribution, and the cleft side and the contralateral side were compared statistically with a two-sided paired t-test. To assess asymmetry in the non-cleft population, we performed the same measurements of skeletal class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery at P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Central Hospital (n = 16). The volume of bony orbit was statistically significantly smaller (p = 0.014), the distance from the infraorbital canal to sella turcica was shorter (p = 0.019), and the anatomical location of the orbit was more medio-posterior on the cleft side than on the contralateral side. The non-cleft group showed no statistically significant asymmetry in any measurements. According to these preliminary results, UCLP patients undergoing orthognathic surgery show asymmetry of the bony orbit not seen in skeletal class III patients without a cleft. This should be considered in VSP for the correction of maxillary hypoplasia and facial asymmetry in patients with UCLP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:43:13Z","timestamp":1688002993000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Has Asymmetry of Bony Orbits: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eeva","family":"Kormi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Central Hospital, 15850 Lahti, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUS Diagnostic Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niilo","family":"Lusila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Radiology, P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Central Hospital, 15850 Lahti, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8064-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arja","family":"Heli\u00f6vaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnu","family":"Leikola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juho","family":"Suojanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Joint Authority for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me Central Hospital, 15850 Lahti, Finland"},{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.05.008","article-title":"Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Salari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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