{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:52:04Z","timestamp":1791021124799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize and compare data on retinal vascular lesions between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and individuals without the disease. Methods: Search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library, complemented by handsearching (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022345558). Thirty-six studies comprising 24,985 individuals (12,387 NAFLD patients and 12,598 controls) were selected for the meta-analysis. Results: Apart from retinopathy, no study with a different type of retinal vascular lesion was retrieved. Overall, there was no significant difference in the presence of retinopathy in NAFLD patients compared to controls (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.20; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.91\u20131.59). Heterogeneity among studies was high (I2 = 93%; p &lt; 0.00001), while Egger\u2019s test revealed no publication bias (p = 0.60). However, subgroup analysis showed positive association between retinopathy and NAFLD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.53\u20133.60), but not in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Meta-regression analysis exploring potential confounders revealed no significant association. Conclusions: The presence of retinopathy was not overall different between individuals with and without NAFLD; however, T1DM patients with NAFLD had higher rates of retinopathy compared to T1DM patients without NAFLD, a finding warranting further research to show whether NAFLD may predict retinopathy in T1DM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:31:32Z","timestamp":1689643892000},"page":"1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retinal Vascular Lesions in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Myrsini","family":"Orfanidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charikleia","family":"Ntenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleo","family":"Evripidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Mataftsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Goulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stergios A.","family":"Polyzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17158","article-title":"Review article: The epidemiologic burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across the world","volume":"56","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment. 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