{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:24Z","timestamp":1760149344194,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite evidence of SGLT2 inhibitors in improving cardiovascular outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the heterogenous mechanism and characteristic multimorbidity of HFpEF require a phenotypic approach. Metabolic phenotype, one common HFpEF phenotype, has various presentations and prognoses worldwide. We aimed to identify different phenotypes of hypertensive-diabetic HFpEF, their phenotype-related outcomes, and treatment responses. The primary endpoint was time to the first event of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Among 233 recruited patients, 24.9% experienced primary outcomes within 12 months. A total of 3.9% was lost to follow-up. Three phenotypes were identified. Phenotype 1 (n = 126) consisted of lean, elderly females with chronic kidney disease, anemia, and concentric hypertrophy. Phenotype 2 (n = 62) included younger males with coronary artery disease. Phenotype 3 (n = 45) comprised of obese elderly with atrial fibrillation. Phenotype 1 and 2 reported higher primary outcomes than phenotype 3 (p = 0.002). Regarding treatment responses, SGLT2 inhibitor was associated with fewer primary endpoints in phenotype 1 (p = 0.003) and 2 (p = 0.001). RAAS inhibitor was associated with fewer all-cause mortality in phenotype 1 (p = 0.003). Beta blocker was associated with fewer all-cause mortality in phenotype 1 (p = 0.024) and fewer HHF in phenotype 2 (p = 0.011). Our pioneering study supports the personalized approach to optimize HFpEF management in hypertensive-diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13081218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:06:44Z","timestamp":1690880804000},"page":"1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phenotype-Specific Outcome and Treatment Response in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction with Comorbid Hypertension and Diabetes: A 12-Month Multicentered Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngoc-Thanh-Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoai-An","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binh Quang","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2931-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoa Ngoc","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041886","article-title":"Research Priorities f.or Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group Summary","volume":"141","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.65","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Dunlay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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