{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:14:02Z","timestamp":1787591642406,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"]}]},{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. The presence of bone septum in the maxillary sinus is one of the most common anatomical findings. So-called Underwood septa (US) are an atypical bone formation in the maxillary sinuses. Mostly they are quite easily found in CBCT studies and have major importance in sinus lift procedures in dental surgery. Furthermore, the shape, location, and size of the bony septa are important in each maxillary sinus surgery. Material and methods. A retrospective study of 120CBCT scans from the authors\u2019 own database was conducted. Results. Approximately 37.5% of each CBCT was associated with the occurrence of US, while just 25% had a full septum, and a total of only 14 patients had a half septa. More females have US, while healthy pneumatized maxillary sinus is most commonly found (82.22%). There is no correlation between the occurrence of silent sinus syndrome (p = 0.174), mucosal thickening (p = 0.325), or retention cyst formation (p = 0.272). Most sinuses are without any opacification in CBCT evaluation (91.11%), while other syndromes are not statistically relevant. Conclusions. It seems that the occurrence of Underwood septa is not statistically related to any clinical, radiological, or pathological condition within the sinus (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, a more full or partial appearance of US was found in female patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13081258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:13:57Z","timestamp":1692008037000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The CBCT Retrospective Study on Underwood Septa and Their Related Factors in Maxillary Sinuses\u2014A Proposal of Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Nelke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, EMC Hospital, Pilczycka 144, 54-144 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Academy of Applied Sciences, Health Department, Academy of Silesius in Wa\u0142brzych, Zamkowa 4, 58-300 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Diakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 3, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6551-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Morawska-Kochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Medical University in Wroc\u0142aw, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-2271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Janeczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9852-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Pasicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marceli","family":"\u0141ukaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Soko\u0142owski Hospital, Soko\u0142owskiego 4, 58-309 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Applied Sciences, Health Department, Academy of Silesius in Wa\u0142brzych, Zamkowa 4, 58-300 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Nienartowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practise of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Romualda Mielczarskiego 1, 51-663 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Dobrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"An Inquiry into the Anatomy and Pathology of the Maxillary Sinus","volume":"44","author":"Underwood","year":"1910","journal-title":"J. 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