{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:11:12Z","timestamp":1787317872394,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chosun University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of metformin on the rat facial nerve following crush injury has only occasionally been documented to date. The purpose of the current investigation was to use functional and electrophysiological evaluations to investigate the effects of metformin administration on recovery following crush injury to the rat facial nerve. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonDM\/PBS group (n = 4), the nonDM\/metformin group (n = 4), the DM\/PBS group (n = 4), and the DM\/metformin group (n = 4). Diabetes was generated by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Facial nerve paralysis was induced by a crush injury 7 days after diabetes induction. The blood glucose levels of the DM\/PBS and DM\/metformin groups were maintained at over 300 mg\/dL, whereas the blood glucose levels of the nonDM\/PBS and nonDM\/metformin groups were maintained at less than 150 mg\/dL. There was no significant difference between the two nonDM groups. In comparison to the PBS group, the metformin group\u2019s recurrence of vibrissa fibrillation occurred noticeably sooner over time. The nonDM\/metformin group showed the highest recovery rate in the second, third, and fourth weeks post-crush, respectively. The threshold of action potential 4 weeks after crush injury showed that the nonDM\/metformin group had a significantly lower mean threshold of MAP compared to other groups. The short-term effect of metformin on the recovery of facial nerve blood flow (FNBF) was significantly increased compared to the DM\/PBS group. However, there was no significant difference in FNBF between the nonDM\/metformin and nonDM\/PBS groups. A diabetic condition promoted a delay in FN regeneration. Metformin is able to accelerate functional recovery in diabetic or nondiabetic FN-injured rats. Further studies using a morphometric or molecular approach are planned to understand the pharmacologic mechanism of metformin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Metformin on the Functional and Electrophysiological Recovery of Crush Injury-Induced Facial Nerve Paralysis in Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kyung Hoon","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2149-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwang-Won","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Ho","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju 62284, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372522","article-title":"Facial nerve trauma: Evaluation and considerations in management","volume":"8","author":"Gordin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. 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