{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:46:44Z","timestamp":1771062404371,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hand Osteoarthritis (HOA) is a frequently occurring musculoskeletal disease that impacts health. Diagnostic criteria often incorporate osteophytes documented through imaging procedures. Radiographic imaging is considered the gold standard; however, more sensitive and safer methods like ultrasound imaging are becoming increasingly important. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence, grade, and pattern of osteophytes using high-resolution ultrasound investigation. Factory workers were recruited on-site for the study. Each participant had 26 finger joints examined using ultrasonography to grade the occurrence of osteophytes on a semi-quantitative scale ranging from 0\u20133, where higher scores indicate larger osteophytes. A total of 427 participants (mean age 53.5 years, range 20\u201379 years) were included, resulting in 11,000 joints scored. At least one osteophyte was found in 4546 out of 11,000 (41.3%) joints or in 426 out of 427 (99.8%) participants, but only 5.0% (553) of the joints showed grade 2 or 3 osteophytes. The total osteophyte sum score increased by 0.18 per year as age increased (p &lt; 0.001). The distal interphalangeal joints were the most commonly affected, with 61%, followed by the proximal interphalangeal joints with 48%, carpometacarpal joint 1 with 39%, and metacarpophalangeal joints with 16%. There was no observed impact of gender or workload. In conclusion, ultrasound imaging proves to be a practical screening tool for osteophytes and HOA. Grade 1 osteophytes are often detected in the working population through ultrasound assessments and their incidence increases with age. The occurrence of grade 2 or 3 osteophytes is less frequent and indicates the clinical presence of HOA. Subsequent evaluations are imperative to ascertain the predictive significance of early osteophytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:09:49Z","timestamp":1693390189000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High Frequency of Osteophytes Detected by High-Resolution Ultrasound at the Finger Joints of Asymptomatic Factory Workers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Giulini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Brinks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Vordenb\u00e4umen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jutta G.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr University Bochum, Claudiusstrasse 45, 44649 Herne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Ostendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Sewerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Hiller-Research-Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr University Bochum, Claudiusstrasse 45, 44649 Herne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1203021","article-title":"Hand osteoarthritis: Current knowledge and new ideas","volume":"45","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. 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