{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:32:32Z","timestamp":1791869552180,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe symptoms such as hypoxemia, hypotension, and unexpected loss of consciousness may develop during surgical interventions that use polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or as it is commonly known, bone cement. Physicians recognize this amalgam of clinical manifestations more and more as a distinct entity that bears the name of bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS). Trauma cases, especially hip fractures, are seen to have a higher incidence of developing this complication compared to orthopedic elective ones. This research aims to present a detailed description of six severe BCIS cases in order to raise awareness and to emphasize its importance. Five of them had fatal outcomes, which demonstrate the necessity of future research on this topic, as little is known about it presently. In the Discussion section, a narrative overview from the scientific literature is performed on potential risk factors, prevention measures, and management strategies. The experience gathered through this case series may aid medical staff in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, thus improving safety when cemented surgical techniques are used on a high-risk group of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T06:12:21Z","timestamp":1694931141000},"page":"1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome: A Rare Disaster Following Cemented Hip Arthroplasties\u2014Clinical Considerations Supported by Case Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9643-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flaviu","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics-Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60457-7","article-title":"The operation of the century: Total hip replacement","volume":"370","author":"Learmonth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Holzwarth, U., and Cotogno, G. 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