{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:14:55Z","timestamp":1790216095104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Penn State Cancer Institute Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 patients suffer from the detrimental effects of cytokine storm and not much success has been achieved to overcome this issue. We sought to test the ability of selenium to reduce the impact of two important cytokine storm players: IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. The effects of four selenium compounds on the secretion of these cytokines from THP-1 macrophages were evaluated in vitro following an LPS challenge. Also, the potential impact of methylseleninic acid (MSeA) on Nrf2 and I\u03baB\u03b1 was determined after a short treatment of THP-1 macrophages. MSeA was found to be the most potent selenium form among the four selenium compounds tested that reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 secreted by THP-1 macrophages. In addition, an increase in Nrf2 and decrease in pI\u03baB\u03b1 in human macrophages was observed following MSeA treatment. Our data indicate that COVID-19 patients might benefit from the addition of MSeA to the standard therapy due to its ability to suppress the key players in the cytokine storm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T16:57:06Z","timestamp":1696179426000},"page":"1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Selective Impact of Selenium Compounds on Two Cytokine Storm Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Indu","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9083-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghu","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3275","article-title":"Selenium in human health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-03022-4","article-title":"Progress of Selenium Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Arthropathies and Selenium Supplement for Their Treatment","volume":"200","author":"Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. 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