{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:50:17Z","timestamp":1773643817322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"},{"name":"Arab American University in Jenin"},{"name":"University Hospital of Regensburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review examines a prevalent condition with multifaceted etiology encompassing genetic, environmental, and oral behavioral factors. It stands as a significant ailment impacting oral functionality, aesthetics, and quality of life. Longitudinal studies indicate that malocclusion in primary dentition may progress to permanent malocclusion. Recognizing and managing malocclusion in primary dentition is gaining prominence. The World Health Organization ranks malocclusions as the third most widespread oral health issue globally. Angle\u2019s classification system is widely used to categorize malocclusions, with Class I occlusion considered the norm. However, its prevalence varies across populations due to genetic and examination disparities. Genetic factors, including variants in genes like MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2, have been associated with an increased risk of Class I occlusion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical strategies for managing Class I occlusion and consolidate genetic insights from both human and murine populations. Additionally, genomic relationships among craniofacial genes will be assessed in individuals with Class I occlusion, along with a murine model, shedding light on phenotype\u2013genotype associations of clinical relevance. The prevalence of Class I occlusion, its impact, and treatment approaches will be discussed, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Additionally, the role of RNA alterations in skeletal Class I occlusion will be explored, focusing on variations in expression or structure that influence craniofacial development. Mouse models will be highlighted as crucial tools for investigating mandible size and prognathism and conducting QTL analysis to gain deeper genetic insights. This review amalgamates cellular, molecular, and clinical trait data to unravel correlations between malocclusion and Class I phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T07:49:29Z","timestamp":1696578569000},"page":"1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Narrating the Genetic Landscape of Human Class I Occlusion: A Perspective-Infused Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Iqbal M.","family":"Lone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3530-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osayd","family":"Zohud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0144-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareem","family":"Midlej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obaida","family":"Awadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Masarwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Krohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nezar","family":"Watted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 919000, Palestine"},{"name":"Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad A.","family":"Iraqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0120-6","article-title":"Prevalence of Malocclusion and Assessment of Treatment Needs in \u03b2-Thalassemia Major Children","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. 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