{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T23:02:15Z","timestamp":1782255735274,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum (SP\u2013SPM) are relatively rare medical conditions that can occur with or independently of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective analysis of SP\u2013SPM cases presented to the emergency departments (EDs) of two University-affiliated tertiary hospitals from 1 March 2020 to 31 October 2022. A total of 190 patients were identified: 52 were COVID-19 cases, and 138 were non-COVID-19 cases. The primary outcome we were looking for was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes concerned the disease severity assessed by (a) days of hospitalization; (b) required mechanical ventilation (MV); and (c) required intensive care (IC). All were investigated in the context of the five pandemic waves and the patients\u2019 age and comorbidities. The pandemic waves had no significant effect on the outcomes of these patients. Logistic regression found age (OR = 1.043; 95%CI 1.002\u20131.085), COVID-19 (OR = 6.032; 95%CI 1.757\u201320.712), number of comorbidities (OR = 1.772; 95%CI 1.046\u20133.001), and ground-glass opacities over 50% (OR = 5.694; 95%CI 1.169\u201327.746) as significant risk predictors of in-hospital death while controlling for gender, smoking, the pandemic wave, and the extension of SP\u2013SPM. The model proved good prediction performance (Nagelkerke R-square = 0.524) and would hold the same significant predictors for MV and IC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1697366852000},"page":"1497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Non-Ventilated Patients with Spontaneous Pneumothorax or Pneumomediastinum Associated with COVID-19: Three-Year Debriefing across Five Pandemic Waves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina Maria","family":"Marza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7935-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Cristian","family":"Cindrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Petrica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Department, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Valentina","family":"Stanciugelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudiu","family":"Barsac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Mocanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Critu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai Octavian","family":"Botea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosmin Iosif","family":"Trebuian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0274-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Lungeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.013","article-title":"Frequency, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"159","author":"Llorens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002697","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02697-2020","article-title":"COVID-19 and Pneumothorax: A Multicentre Retrospective Case Series","volume":"56","author":"Martinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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