{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:43:36Z","timestamp":1778539416856,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endoscopic surgery of the cervical spine is constantly evolving and the spectrum of its indications has expanded in recent decades. Full-endoscopic techniques have standardized the procedures for posterior and anterior access. The full-endoscopic approach was developed to treat degenerative diseases with the least possible invasion and without causing instability of the cervical spine. The posterior full-endoscopic approach is indicated for the treatment of diseases of the lateral part of the vertebral segment, such as herniations and stenoses of the lateral recess and vertebral foramen. There has been little discussion of this approach to the treatment of central stenosis of the cervical spine. This technical note describes a step-by-step surgical technique for central and over-the-top full-endoscopic decompression in the cervical spine, using a 3.7 mm working channel endoscope. This technique has already been shown to be effective in a recent case series with a 4.7 mm working channel endoscope, and may represent a new treatment option for central or bilateral lateral recess stenosis. There is also the possibility of a bilateral full-endoscopic approach, but this may be associated with greater muscle damage and a longer operative time. Case series and comparative studies should be encouraged to confirm the safety and utility of this technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1697625416000},"page":"1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical Technique of Central and Over-the-Top Full-Endoscopic Decompression of the Cervical Spine: A Technical Note"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6992-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Machado","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, 745 Alameda Santos, Cj. 71, S\u00e3o Paulo 01419-001, Brazil"},{"name":"Atualli Academy, 2504 Brigadeiro Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f4nio, Cj. 172, S\u00e3o Paulo 01402-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Botelho Soares de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Articulare, 791 Avenida Senador Lemos, Sala 301 a 305, Bel\u00e9m 66050-005, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Flores de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, 745 Alameda Santos, Cj. 71, S\u00e3o Paulo 01419-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Squiapati","family":"Graciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Spine Care Clinic, 745 Alameda Santos, Cj. 71, S\u00e3o Paulo 01419-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar Takao","family":"Utino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Academy, 2504 Brigadeiro Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f4nio, Cj. 172, S\u00e3o Paulo 01402-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-2914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Lewandrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atualli Academy, 2504 Brigadeiro Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f4nio, Cj. 172, S\u00e3o Paulo 01402-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c8b67","article-title":"Full-endoscopic cervical posterior foraminotomy for the operation of lateral disc herniations using 5.9-mm endoscopes: A prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Ruetten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Full Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy in Management of Foraminal Disc Herniation and Foraminal Stenosis","volume":"14","author":"Gatam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop. 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