{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:43:26Z","timestamp":1760150606941,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation (IITP)","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059868","2022\u20130-00621","HI22C073600","RS-2023-00262087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although proteinuria is a risk factor for heart failure (HF), proteinuria can be reversible or persistent. Our objective was to explore the link between changes in the proteinuria status and the risk of HF. We included participants from a Korean national health screening cohort who underwent health examinations in 2003\u20132004 and 2005\u20132006 and had no history of HF. Participants were categorized into four groups: proteinuria-free, proteinuria-resolved, proteinuria-developed, and proteinuria-persistent. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of HF. The study included 1,703,651 participants, among whom 17,543 (1.03%) were in the proteinuria-resolved group and 4585 (0.27%) were in the proteinuria-persistent group. After a median follow-up period of 14.04 years (interquartile range 14.19\u201315.07), HF occurred in 75,064 (4.41%) participants. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the proteinuria-persistent group had a higher risk of HF compared with the proteinuria-free group (hazard ratio (HR): 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03\u20132.36, p &lt; 0.001). In a further pairwise comparison analysis, participants in the proteinuria-resolved group had a relatively low risk of HF compared with those in the proteinuria-persistent group (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58\u20130.70, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of HF can change with alterations in the proteinuria status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13121662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1701153935000},"page":"1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resolved Proteinuria May Attenuate the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0345-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonkyung","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 08209, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moo-Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwang-Hyun","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Jin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.187","article-title":"So many definitions of heart failure: Are they all universally valid? 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