{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:44:19Z","timestamp":1760150659747,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]],"date-time":"2023-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"research fund of Chungnam National University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurofibroma (NF) is a benign tumor in the peripheral nervous system, but it can infiltrate around structures and cause functional impairment and disfigurement. We incidentally found that the expression of CD16a (Fc gamma receptor IIIA) was increased in NFs compared to in non-neoplastic nerves and hypothesized that CD16 could be relevant to NF progression. We evaluated the expressions of CD16a, CD16b, CD68, TREM2, Galectin-3, S-100, and SOX10 in 38 cases of neurogenic tumors (NF, n = 18; atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of uncertain biologic potential (ANNUBP), n = 14; and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), n = 6) by immunohistochemical staining. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the ANNUBPs, CD16a and CD16b expression levels had increased more than in the NFs or MPNSTs. CD68 and Galectin-3 expression levels in the ANNUBPs were higher than in the MPNSTs. Dual immunohistochemical staining showed an overlapping pattern for CD16a and CD68 in TME immune cells. Increased CD16a expression was detected in the ANNUBPs compared to the NFs but decreased with malignant progression. The CD16a overexpression with CD68 positivity in the ANNUBPs potentially reflects that the TME immune modulation could be associated with NF progression to an ANNUBP. Further studies should explore the role of CD16a in immunomodulation for accelerating NF growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13121720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T03:59:24Z","timestamp":1702871964000},"page":"1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased CD16a (Fc\u03b3RIIIA) Expression in The Tumor Microenvironment of Atypical Neurofibromatous Neoplasms of Uncertain Biologic Potential May Be Associated with Progression from Neurofibromas to Atypical Neurofibromas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Kyung","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Munwha-ro 266, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Jun","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Il","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Munwha-ro 266, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Goldblum, J.P., Folpe, A.L., and Weiss, S.W. 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