{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T15:02:20Z","timestamp":1785596540000,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fisher &amp; Paykel Healthcare (Auckland, New Zealand)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Noninvasive respiratory support (NRS), including high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT), noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), are routinely used in the perioperative period. Objectives: This narrative review provides an overview on the perioperative use of NRS. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative respiratory support is discussed, along with potential future areas of research. Results: During induction of anesthesia, in selected patients at high risk of difficult intubation, NIV is associated with improved gas exchange and reduced risk of postoperative respiratory complications. HFNOT demonstrated an improvement in oxygenation. Evidence on the intraoperative use of NRS is limited. Compared with conventional oxygenation, HFNOT is associated with a reduced risk of hypoxemia during procedural sedation, and recent data indicate a possible role for HFNOT for intraoperative apneic oxygenation in specific surgical contexts. After extubation, \u201cpreemptive\u201d NIV and HFNOT in unselected cohorts do not affect clinical outcome. Postoperative \u201ccurative\u201d NIV in high-risk patients and among those exhibiting signs of respiratory failure can reduce reintubation rate, especially after abdominal surgery. Data on postoperative \u201ccurative\u201d HFNOT are limited. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence on the perioperative use of NRS. Use of NRS should be tailored based on the patient\u2019s specific characteristics and type of surgery, aimed at a personalized cost-effective approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Personalized Noninvasive Respiratory Support in the Perioperative Setting: State of the Art and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0560-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Misseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto \u201cG. Giglio\u201d Cefal\u00f9, 90015 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Frassanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Simonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0624-8328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ros\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico Luca","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Piersanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"De Robertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Gregoretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto \u201cG. Giglio\u201d Cefal\u00f9, 90015 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2022-0051","article-title":"Perioperative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Wall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Healthc. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100988","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.100988","article-title":"Anesthesiomics: Could a New Name Be Coined for Anesthesia?","volume":"10","author":"Dabbagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. 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