{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:50:50Z","timestamp":1777737050407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to examine the impact of fractional CO2 laser treatment of pelvic symptoms in women who have undergone perineal trauma from vaginal delivery. It was a retrospective, monocentric analysis that encompassed all women assessed for pelvic discomfort or signs of vulvovaginal atrophy following vaginal delivery between 2013 and 2018. The severity of symptoms was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Twenty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria and were sorted into two groups: (1) women who had undergone episiotomies during labor (n = 11); and (2) women who had experienced spontaneous tears during vaginal delivery (n = 16). For women with episiotomies, each treatment and subsequent evaluation consistently showed a significant reduction in dyspareunia intensity. A similar positive trend was observed regarding pain at the introitus (7.5 vs. 6.5 after the first treatment, p = 0.03; 6.5 vs. 3 after the second treatment, p = 0.01; 3 vs. 1 after the third treatment, p = 0.01). Among women experiencing spontaneous perineal tears during delivery, there was a notable decrease in dyspareunia following all treatments (8 vs. 7 after the first treatment, p = 0.01; 8 vs. 4 after the second treatment, p = 0.02; 3 vs. 1 after the third treatment, p = 0.03). The impact of laser treatment did not exhibit significant differences between women who underwent episiotomies and those who experienced spontaneous perineal tears. In conclusion, fractional CO2 laser can be regarded as a non-pharmacological option for managing pelvic floor symptoms in women who encountered perineal trauma during delivery, independently from the nature, spontaneity, or iatrogenesis of the perineal laceration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Utility of CO2 Laser Treatment of Pelvic Symptoms in Women with Previous Perineal Trauma during Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6074-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Filippini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Angioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Luvero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Sammarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"De Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Latella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neila Maria","family":"de G\u00f3is Speck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Disease Prevention Nucleus (NUPREV), Department of Gynecology, Paulista Medical School (UNIFESP\/EPM), Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Farinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital State of Republic of San Marino, 47893 Borgo Maggiore, San Marino"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"Martire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinando Antonio","family":"Gulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adults and Developmental Age, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giosu\u00e8 Giordano","family":"Incognito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Capriglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cSanta Maria alla Gruccia\u201d Hospital, 52025 Montevarchi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Postpartum chronic pain","volume":"85","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.08.004","article-title":"Perineal pain the first year after childbirth and uptake of post-partum check-up\u2014A Swedish cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Zwedberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03894-0","article-title":"Incidence of perineal pain and dyspareunia following spontaneous vaginal birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Manresa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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