{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:30:24Z","timestamp":1791819024753,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester. Infected fetuses may not show any abnormalities in most cases, but in more severe cases, there may be severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and even pregnancy loss. Maternal diagnosis of intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection includes IgG and IgM antibody testing. For fetal diagnosis, PCR is performed through amniocentesis. In addition to diagnosing the infection, it is important to monitor the peak of systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery (PVS-MCA) Doppler to assess the presence of fetal anemia. There is no vaccine for parvovirus B19, and fetal management focuses on detecting moderate\/severe anemia by fetal PVS-MCA Doppler, which, if diagnosed, should be treated with intrauterine transfusion by cordocentesis. Prevention focuses on reducing exposure in high-risk populations, particularly pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1706241946000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy: Review of the Current Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fernanda Parciasepe","family":"Dittmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara de Moura","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Borges","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, M\u00e1rio Palm\u00e9rio University Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba 38050-501, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Felippe Monezi","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ipiranga Hospital, S\u00e3o Paulo 04262-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-1944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Bonasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, 50122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2620-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Tonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Araujo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Discipline of Woman Health, Municipal University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul (USCS), S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul 09521-160, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.485-505.2002","article-title":"Human parvovirus B19","volume":"15","author":"Heegaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. 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