{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:44:05Z","timestamp":1789688645034,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bagenkop Nielsens \u00d8jen-Fond"},{"name":"Fight for Sight Denmark"},{"name":"Fonden for Faglig Udvikling i Speciall\u00e6gepraksis"},{"name":"The Danish Research Foundation"},{"name":"Synoptik-Fonden"},{"name":"Danish Regions"},{"name":"Gangstedfonden"},{"name":"Reimbursement from Regional COVID-19"},{"name":"ase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond"},{"name":"A.P. M\u00f8ller Fonden (L\u00e6gefonden)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the two-year safety and efficacy of 0.1% loading dose and 0.01% low-dose atropine eye drops in Danish children for reduction in myopia progression in an investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled, double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Ninety-seven six- to twelve-year old myopic participants were randomized to 0.1% loading dose for six months and then 0.01% for eighteen months (loading dose group, N = 33), 0.01% for two years (0.01% group, N = 32) or placebo for two years (placebo, N = 32). Axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and reactions, choroidal thickness, and other ocular biometrical measures. Outcomes were measured from baseline and at six-month intervals. Individual eyes nested by participant ID were analyzed with linear-mixed model analysis. Data were analyzed with intention-to-treat. Mean AL was 0.08 mm less (95% confidence interval (CI): \u22120.01; 0.17, p-value = 0.08) in the 0.1% loading dose and 0.10 mm less (95% CI: 0.01; 0.19, p-value = 0.02) in the 0.01% group after two years of treatment compared to placebo. Mean SER progression was 0.12 D (95% CI: \u22120.10; 0.33) less in the loading dose and 0.26 D (95% CI: 0.04; 0.48) less in the 0.01% groups after two years of treatment compared to placebo (p-value = 0.30 and 0.02, respectively). In total, 17 adverse events were reported in the second-year follow-up, and all were rated as mild. Adjusting for iris color did not affect treatment effect estimates. Intra-ocular pressure increased over two years comparably between all groups but remained within normal limits. Two-year treatment with 0.01% low-dose atropine eye drops is a safe and moderately efficacious intervention in Danish children for reducing myopia progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1706865848000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Two-Year Results of 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops and 0.1% Loading Dose for Myopia Progression Reduction in Danish Children: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Niklas Cyril","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Hvid-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark\u2014Vejle Hospital, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toke","family":"Bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorte Ancher","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line","family":"Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 K\u00f8benhavn N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a","article-title":"The Myopia Boom","volume":"519","author":"Dolgin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14562","article-title":"Myopia Prevalence in Denmark\u2014A Review of 140 Years of Myopia Research","volume":"99","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13513","article-title":"Physical Activity and Myopia in Danish Children\u2014The CHAMPS Eye Study","volume":"96","author":"Lundberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001","article-title":"Updates of Pathologic Myopia","volume":"52","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. 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