{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:07:12Z","timestamp":1764842832505,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Fund for Regional Development (EFRE)","award":["100295897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100295897"]}]},{"name":"State of Saxony","award":["100295897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100295897"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of stereotactic frames is a common practice in neurosurgical interventions such as brain biopsy and deep brain stimulation. However, conventional stereotactic frames have been shown to require modification and adaptation regarding patient and surgeon comfort as well as the increasing demand for individualized medical treatment. To meet these requirements for carrying out state-of-the-art neurosurgery, a 3D print-based, patient-specific stereotactic system was developed and examined for technical accuracy. Sixteen patient-specific frames, each with two target points, were additively manufactured from PA12 using the Multi Jet Fusion process. The 32 target points aim to maximize the variability of biopsy targets and depths for tissue sample retrieval in the brain. Following manufacturing, the frames were measured three-dimensionally using an optical scanner. The frames underwent an autoclave sterilization process prior to rescanning. The scan-generated models were compared with the planned CAD models and the deviation of the planned target points in the XY-plane, Z-direction and in the resulting direction were determined. Significantly lower (p &lt; 0.01) deviations were observed when comparing CAD vs. print and print vs. sterile in the Z-direction (0.17 mm and 0.06 mm, respectively) than in the XY-plane (0.46 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively). The resulting target point deviation (0.51 mm) and the XY-plane (0.46 mm) are significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the CAD vs. print comparison than in the print vs. sterile comparison (0.18 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively). On average, the results from the 32 target positions examined exceeded the clinically required accuracy for a brain biopsy (2 mm) by more than four times. The patient-specific stereotaxic frames meet the requirements of modern neurosurgical navigation and make no compromises when it comes to accuracy. In addition, the material is suitable for autoclave sterilization due to resistance to distortion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T03:28:29Z","timestamp":1707103709000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of the Technical Accuracy of a Patient-Specific Stereotaxy Platform for Brain Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u00dfe 44, D-01187 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Leipzig, Liebigstra\u00dfe 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"M\u00f6bius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Leipzig, Liebigstra\u00dfe 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u00dfe 44, D-01187 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Welf-Guntram","family":"Drossel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u00dfe 44, D-01187 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdem","family":"G\u00fcresir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Leipzig, Liebigstra\u00dfe 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Grunert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, N\u00f6thnitzer Stra\u00dfe 44, D-01187 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Leipzig, Liebigstra\u00dfe 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1092","article-title":"A phantom study of the geometric accuracy of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging stereotactic localization with the Leksell stereotactic system","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000103262","article-title":"Comparison of accuracy and precision between frame-based and frameless stereotactic navigation for deep brain stimulation electrode implantation","volume":"85","author":"Bjartmarz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stereotact. 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