{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:41:27Z","timestamp":1787982087535,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Graz"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Addressing non-unions involves stabilizing the affected area through osteosynthesis and improving bone biology using bone grafts. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment method. This study aims to compare outcomes of non-union surgery using conventional treatment methods (metal hardware \u00b1 graft) versus osteosynthesis with the human allogeneic cortical bone screw (Shark Screw\u00ae) alone or in combination with a metallic plate. Thirty-four patients underwent conventional treatment, while twenty-eight cases received one or more Shark Screws\u00ae. Patient demographics, bone healing, time to bone healing, and complications were assessed. Results revealed a healing rate of 96.4% for the Shark Screw\u00ae group, compared to 82.3% for the conventionally treated group. The Shark Screw\u00ae group exhibited a tendency for faster bone healing (9.4 \u00b1 3.2 vs. 12.9 \u00b1 8.5 weeks, p = 0.05061). Hardware irritations led to six metal removals in the conventional group versus two in the Shark Screw\u00ae group. The Shark Screw\u00ae emerges as a promising option for personalized non-union treatment in the foot, ankle, and select lower leg cases, facilitating effective osteosynthesis and grafting within a single construct and promoting high union rates, low complications, and a rapid healing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T13:39:56Z","timestamp":1711546796000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Non-Union Treatment in the Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Comparing Conventional Treatment with the Human Allogeneic Cortical Bone Screw (Shark Screw\u00ae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3224-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Labmayr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOKH Friesach, St Veit Str. 12, A-9360 Friesach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wenzel-Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthop\u00e4disches Spital Speising Wien, Speisinger Stra\u00dfe 109, A-1130 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Holweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ornig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Nikolaigasse 43, A-9500 Villach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Palle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOKH Friesach, St Veit Str. 12, A-9360 Friesach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun H.","family":"Borchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Borchert Medical Information Management, Egelsbacher Str. 39e, D-63225 Langen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Pastl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik Diakonissen Linz, Wei\u00dfenwolffstra\u00dfe 13, A-4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B7.36061","article-title":"A unified theory of bone healing and nonunion: BHN theory","volume":"98-b","author":"Elliott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Jt. 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