{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:40:28Z","timestamp":1777952428319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The benefit of associating anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies to proteasome inhibitor (PI)\/immunomodulatory agent (IA) and dexamethasone in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigated the addition of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies to a therapy composed of PI\/IA and dexamethasone versus PI\/IA and dexamethasone alone for treating relapsed or refractory MM. Hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Six studies comprising 2191 patients were included. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody significantly improved progression-free survival (HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.43\u20130.61; p &lt; 0.001) and overall survival (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.63\u20130.83; p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant increase in hematological adverse events, such as neutropenia (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.26\u20131.58; p &lt; 0.01) and thrombocytopenia (RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.27; p = 0.02), in the group treated with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Also, there was a significant increase in non-hematological adverse events, such as dyspnea (RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.38\u20132.13; p &lt; 0.01) and pneumonia (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.13\u20131.59; p &lt; 0.01), in the group treated with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. In conclusion, the incorporation of an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody demonstrated a promising prospect for reshaping the established MM treatment paradigms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1712229069000},"page":"360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Cezar Aquino de","family":"Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8317-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Kendi Tsuchiya","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0637-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur de Oliveira Macena","family":"L\u00f4bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francinny Alves","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, S\u00e3o Paulo 04012-909, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vict\u00f3ria","family":"Morbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo 93510-235, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Pasqualotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4872-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rommel Mario Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Burbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophir Loyola Hospital, Bel\u00e9m 66063-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02722","article-title":"CD38: A Target for Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Morandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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