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Given that air pollution stands as a significant contributor to the onset of these ailments, discerning the most detrimental agents becomes imperative for crafting policies aimed at mitigating exposure. This study advocates for the utilization of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methodologies, leveraging remote sensing data, to ascertain the primary influencers on the prediction of standard mortality rates (SMRs) attributable to respiratory cancer across Italian provinces, utilizing both environmental and socioeconomic data. By scrutinizing thirteen distinct machine learning algorithms, we endeavor to pinpoint the most accurate model for categorizing Italian provinces as either above or below the national average SMR value for respiratory cancer. Furthermore, employing XAI techniques, we delineate the salient factors crucial in predicting the two classes of SMR. Through our machine learning scrutiny, we illuminate the environmental and socioeconomic factors pertinent to mortality in this disease category, thereby offering a roadmap for prioritizing interventions aimed at mitigating risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T10:30:52Z","timestamp":1713436252000},"page":"430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insights from Explainable Artificial Intelligence of Pollution and Socioeconomic Influences for Respiratory Cancer Mortality in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3828-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Novielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Diacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica \u201cM. 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