{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:43:37Z","timestamp":1788965017573,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008368","name":"Danish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A5178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A5178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008368","name":"Danish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5072-00007B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5072-00007B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marie Pedersen\u2014Jensine Heibergs Scholarship","award":["A5178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A5178"]}]},{"name":"Marie Pedersen\u2014Jensine Heibergs Scholarship","award":["5072-00007B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5072-00007B"]}]},{"name":"Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education","award":["A5178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A5178"]}]},{"name":"Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education","award":["5072-00007B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5072-00007B"]}]},{"name":"Svend Andersen Foundation","award":["A5178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A5178"]}]},{"name":"Svend Andersen Foundation","award":["5072-00007B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5072-00007B"]}]},{"name":"Spar Nord Foundation","award":["A5178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A5178"]}]},{"name":"Spar Nord Foundation","award":["5072-00007B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5072-00007B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, sharing symptoms with giant cell arthritis (GCA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The pathogenic inflammatory roots are still not well understood, and there is a lack of extensive biomarker studies to explain the disease debut and post-acute phase. This study aimed to deeply analyze the serum proteome and inflammatory response of PMR patients before and after glucocorticoid treatment. We included treatment-na\u00efve PMR patients, collecting samples before and after 3 months of treatment. For comparison, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-na\u00efve RA patients were included and matched to healthy controls (CTL). The serum proteome was examined using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry, while inflammation levels were assessed using multiplex inflammatory cytokine and cell-free DNA assays. The serum proteomes of the four groups comprised acute phase reactants, coagulation factors, complement proteins, immunoglobulins, and apolipoproteins. Serum amyloid A (SAA1) was significantly reduced by active PMR treatment. Cell-free DNA levels in PMR and RA groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls due to acute inflammation. Complement factors had minimal changes post-treatment. The individual serum proteome in PMR patients showed over 100 abundantly variable proteins, emphasizing the systemic impact of PMR disease debut and the effect of treatment. Interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) were significantly impacted by glucocorticoid treatment. Our study defines the PMR serum proteome during glucocorticoid treatment and highlights the role of SAA1, IL-6, and IFN-\u03b3 in treatment responses. An involvement of PGLYRP2 in acute PMR could indicate a response to bacterial infection, highlighting its role in the acute phase of the immune response. The results suggest that PMR may be an aberrant response to a bacterial infection with an exacerbated IL-6 and acute phase inflammatory response and molecular attempts to limit the inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Na\u00efve Inflammatory Proteome Profiles of Glucocorticoid Responsive Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Rheumatic Arthritis Patients\u2014Links to Triggers and Proteomic Manifestations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9888-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Stensballe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerloefs Vej 249, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob Skallerup","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerloefs Vej 249, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Aboo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerloefs Vej 249, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0136-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Borg","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerloefs Vej 249, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Kruse","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerloefs Vej 249, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Reumatology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate Lykke","family":"Lambertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE, Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Derek Christian","family":"Leutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, 9800 Hjoerring, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01310-7","article-title":"Polymyalgia Rheumatica","volume":"402","author":"Dejaco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083879","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083879","article-title":"Elderly-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Differences in Pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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