{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:48:26Z","timestamp":1793605706082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enophthalmos is a severe complication of primary reconstruction following orbital floor fractures, oncological resections, or maxillo-facial syndromes. The goal of secondary orbital reconstruction is to regain a symmetrical globe position to restore function and aesthetics. In this article, we present a method of computer-assisted orbital floor reconstruction using a mirroring technique and a custom-made titanium or high-density polyethylene mesh printed using computer-aided manufacturing techniques. This reconstructive protocol involves four steps: mirroring of the healthy orbit computer tomography files at the contralateral affected site, virtual design of a customized implant, computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) of the implant using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) or Computer Numerical Control (CNC) methods, and surgical insertion of the device. Clinical outcomes were assessed using 3dMD photogrammetry and computed tomography measures in 13 treated patients and compared to a control group treated with stock implants. An improvement of 3.04 mm (range 0.3\u20136 mm) in globe protrusion was obtained for the patients treated with patient-specific implants (PSI), and no major complications have been registered. The technique described here appears to be a viable method for correcting complex orbital floor defects needing delayed reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1714119507000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Delayed Orbital Floor Reconstruction Using Mirroring Technique and Patient-Specific Implants: Proof of Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"D\u2019Alpaos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9833-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Badiali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ceccariglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achille","family":"Tarsitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520922056","article-title":"Associated ophthalmic injuries in patients with fractures of the midface","volume":"13","author":"Blumer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. 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