{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:22:21Z","timestamp":1790421741399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K17012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K17012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["19K17012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K17012"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan","award":["19H03549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03549"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are characterized by chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinically, FD and IBS often resemble gastrointestinal dysmotility caused by autoimmune autonomic neuropathy. We examined the seropositive frequency of autoantibodies against ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (gnAChRs) in patients presenting with FGIDs. Objective: To elucidate the seropositivity of gnAChR antibodies and the clinical features of seropositive FD and IBS. Materials and Methods: We measured autoantibodies against the gnAChR \u03b13 and \u03b24subunits using luciferase immunoprecipitation systems. Serum samples from patients with any autonomic symptoms were obtained from hospitals in Japan between January 2012 and August 2018 (1787 serum samples of 1381 patients). We selected FD and IBS patients and compared the clinical characteristics and prevalence of autonomic symptoms between those with seropositive and seronegative IBS and FD. Results: Nine IBS and two FD cases (one comorbid case with IBS) were found. We found four patients (36.4%) in whom gnAChR antibodies were positive in these eleven patients. Sicca symptoms were observed in three of four cases (75%) of seropositive FGID compared with zero of seven cases (0%) of seronegative FGID. Conclusions: We found patients with gnAChR antibodies in FD and IBS patients. These data will be valuable for elucidating the pathophysiology of these FGIDs and developing new treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1714534249000},"page":"485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Presence of Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Sera from Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-095X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunya","family":"Nakane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki 859-3615, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Mukaino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okumura Forest-All Clinic, Otsu 520-0831, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Hirosawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki 859-3615, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki 859-3615, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosaburo","family":"Kainuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nakatsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05783.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and health care seeking in the functional GI disorders: A population-based study","volume":"97","author":"Koloski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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