{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:09:14Z","timestamp":1775826554079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Ukraine","award":["0122U001339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0122U001339"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1)The study aimed to measure the depth, volume, and surface area of the intact human orbit by applying an automated method of CT segmentation and to evaluate correlations among depth, volume, and surface area. Additionally, the relative increases in volume and surface area in proportion to the diagonal of the orbit were assessed. (2) CT data from 174 patients were analyzed. A ball-shaped mesh consisting of tetrahedral elements was inserted inside orbits until it encountered the bony boundaries. Orbital volume, area depth, and their correlations were measured. For the validation, an ICC was used. (3) The differences between genders were significant (p &lt; 10\u22127) but there were no differences between sides. When comparing orbit from larger to smaller, a paired sample t-test indicated a significant difference in groups (p &lt; 10\u221210). A simple linear model (Volume~1 + Gender + Depth + Gender:Depth) revealed that only depth had a significant effect on volume (p &lt; 10\u221219). The ICCs were 1.0. (4) Orbital volume, depth, and surface area measurements based on an automated CT segmentation algorithm demonstrated high repeatability and reliability. Male orbits were always larger on average by 14%. There were no differences between the sides. The volume and surface area ratio did not differ between genders and was approximately 0.75.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:03:08Z","timestamp":1715673788000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Automated 3-D Computer-Aided Measurement of the Bony Orbit: Evaluation of Correlations among Volume, Depth, and Surface Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Risto","family":"Kontio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Wilkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karri","family":"Mesim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4393-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yurii","family":"Chepurnyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Modern Dental Technologies, O.O.Bogomolets Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Asikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksi","family":"Haapanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arto","family":"Poutala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disior, Maria 01, Building 2, Lapinlahdenkatu 16, 00180 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disior, Maria 01, Building 2, Lapinlahdenkatu 16, 00180 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Slobodianiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Modern Dental Technologies, O.O.Bogomolets Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Kopchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Modern Dental Technologies, O.O.Bogomolets Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2016.43.6.518","article-title":"The Correlation between the Orbital Volume Ratio and Enophthalmos in Unoperated Blowout Fractures","volume":"43","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. 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