{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:49:20Z","timestamp":1785498560366,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Breast reduction is one of the most frequently performed plastic surgeries in women worldwide. The Wise pattern breast reduction is one of the most frequent skin designs for this surgery. One key point of the surgery is to preserve a well-vascularized NAC by using different surgical pedicles. This study aims to test and update the anatomical knowledge of breast vascularization, the topographic and anatomical basis of the different surgical vascular pedicles, and the differences between the right and left sides. (2) Methods: A descriptive observational anatomical study was carried out on 15 breasts from 10 cryopreserved body donors. A dissection was performed by quadrants to know the affected arteries\u2019 origin in the different patterns. (3) Results: The largest and most frequently dissected internal mammary perforator artery was in the second intercostal space. A total of 44.9% of the dissected perforators are located in the upper inner quadrant, compared to 53.5% in the lower quadrants. (4) Conclusions: The upper inner quadrant alone has the most arterial perforators. In contrast, the sum of the two lower quadrants represents the greatest vascularization of the breast, with a small difference between both.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1715919989000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Breast Vascularization and Its Implication in Breast Reduction and Mastopexy Surgery: Anatomical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Salas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L\u2019Hospitalet De Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Morgado-\u00c1guila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Caceres, 10004 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9524-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"L\u00f3pez-de-Celis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ortiz-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5607-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bellmunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e9s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41596-9_1","article-title":"Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast during Pregnancy and Lactation","volume":"1252","author":"Alex","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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