{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:18:13Z","timestamp":1782836293790,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An elevated serum \u03b22-microglobulin (\u03b22M) level is indicative of impaired glomerular filtration and prerenal diseases, such as malignant tumors, autoimmune disorders, and liver diseases. An elevated serum \u03b22M level has been shown to promote metastasis via the induction of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. However, the therapeutic potential of targeting \u03b22M remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Filtor, a small polymethyl methacrylate fiber-based \u03b22M removal column, in reducing the \u03b22M level and suppressing cancer cell-induced EMT and metastasis. We assessed the effects of Filtor on the changes in metastasis based on the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which reflects the post-EMT cancer cell population. We performed therapeutic apheresis using Filtor on a male patient with sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, a female patient with a history of colorectal cancer, and another female patient with a history of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Significantly low serum \u03b22M levels and CTC counts were observed immediately and 4 weeks after treatment compared with those in the pretreatment phase. Moreover, the CTC count immediately after therapeutic intervention was markedly reduced, likely because Filtor had trapped CTCs directly. These findings suggest that therapeutic apheresis with Filtor can prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence by directly removing CTCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14060640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1718614111000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Apheresis Using a \u03b22-Microglobulin Removal Column Reduces Circulating Tumor Cell Count"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4498-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuo","family":"Komura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rinku Medical Clinic, 2F Medical Rinku Port, 3-41 Rinku Ouraiminami, Osaka 598-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintarou","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StateArt Inc., 2-9-12 Horidome-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayana","family":"Takaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rinku Medical Clinic, 2F Medical Rinku Port, 3-41 Rinku Ouraiminami, Osaka 598-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"StateArt Inc., 2-9-12 Horidome-cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Segawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rinku Medical Clinic, 2F Medical Rinku Port, 3-41 Rinku Ouraiminami, Osaka 598-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Muranishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rinku Medical Clinic, 2F Medical Rinku Port, 3-41 Rinku Ouraiminami, Osaka 598-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Imataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Kumayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka ISEN College of Medical Care & Welfare, Osaka 531-0076, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c00036","article-title":"Lifting the veil: Characteristics, clinical significance, and application of \u03b2-2-microglobulin as biomarkers and its detection with biosensors","volume":"8","author":"Sivanathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. 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