{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:19Z","timestamp":1787028739184,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), but infections pose a significant threat to its success. Current guidelines lack antifungal recommendations, despite rising fungal infection rates post-IPP surgery. This review examines epidemiology, risk factors (including diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, and obesity), and pathogenesis, highlighting the role of biofilm formation in device contamination. Clinical manifestations vary from acute to delayed, with fungal biofilms presenting challenges in diagnosis. Prophylactic strategies, including broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals, are crucial, with evidence suggesting a 92% reduction in infections. With fungal infections showing lower salvage rates, management involves culture-guided treatment, irrigation, and oral antibiotics. Future research aims to understand biofilm mechanisms and develop biomaterials to reduce infection rates. Implementing antifungal therapy, along with standard practices like the no-touch technique and antibiotic dips, is crucial in preventing IPP infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14060644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1718614111000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unveiling the Hidden Perils: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Infections in Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5845-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Natsos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8584-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Tatanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lekkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Kontogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Vagionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Spinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-4506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelis","family":"Peteinaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Obaidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Pagonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kallidonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liatsikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Drettas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Patras Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Salonia, A., Bettocchi, C., Capogrosso, P., Carvalho, J., Corona, G., Hatzichristodoulou, G., Jones, T.H., Kadioglu, A., Martinez-Salamanca, J.I., and Minhas, S. 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