{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:31:33Z","timestamp":1792499493814,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"N\u00fcrnberger Versicherung"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (PEMF) is gaining more attention as a non-invasive arthritis treatment. In our study, immortalized synovial fibroblasts (K4IM) derived from a non-arthritic donor were exposed to MAGCELL\u00ae ARTHRO, a PEMF device, with 105 mT intensity, 8 Hz frequency, and 2 \u00d7 2.5 min sessions conducted thrice with a 1 h interval, to understand the underlying mechanism in regard to the complement system. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u03b1, 10 ng\/mL) pre-treatment prior to PEMF stimulation, as well as 3-day versus 6-day stimulation, were compared. Gene expression of C4b binding protein-alpha and -beta (C4BP\u03b1, C4BP\u03b2), complement factor (CF)-H, CFI, CD55, CD59, Interleukin (IL-6) and TNF\u03b1 was analyzed. Immunofluorescence staining of CD55, CD59, and Ki67 was conducted. Results showed the absence of C4BP\u03b1 gene expression, but C4BP\u03b2 was present. One and three days of PEMF stimulation caused no significant changes. However, after six days, there was a significant increase in CD55, CFH, and CD59 gene expression, indicating cytoprotective effects. Conversely, IL-6 gene expression increased after six days of stimulation and even after a single session in TNF\u03b1 pre-stimulated cells, indicating a pro-inflammatory effect. PEMF\u2019s ambivalent, i.e., enhancing complement regulatory proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, highlights its complexity at the molecular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14070701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1719920033000},"page":"701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Investigation of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation (PEMF) with MAGCELL\u00ae ARTHRO on the Regulatory Expression of Soluble and Membrane-Bound Complement Factors and Inflammatory Cytokines in Immortalized Synovial Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Silawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3863-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Gesslein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Willauschus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gundula","family":"Schulze-Tanzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01330-w","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: Pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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