{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:22:38Z","timestamp":1787163758132,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of peripheral vestibular disorders with type 1 and type 2 diabetes using a population-based dataset. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from Taiwan\u2019s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010. The sample consisted of 150,916 patients who were newly diagnosed with peripheral vestibular disorders as cases and 452,748 propensity-score-matching controls without peripheral vestibular disorders. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to quantitatively evaluate the association between peripheral vestibular disorders and diabetes while considering factors such as sex, age, geographic location, monthly income, urbanization level of the patient\u2019s residence, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Results: The chi-squared test indicates that diabetes was more common in the peripheral vestibular disorder group compared to controls (20.6% vs. 15.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Of all sampled patients, the adjusted odds ratio for diabetes was 1.597 (95% CI = 1.570~1.623) for those with peripheral vestibular disorders when compared to controls, while patients with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, unilateral vestibulopathy, and other peripheral vestibular disorders had respective adjusted odds ratios of diabetes at 1.566 (95% CI = 1.498~1.638), 1.677 (95% CI = 1.603~1.755), 1.592 (95% CI = 1.504~1.685), and 1.588 (95% CI = l.555~1.621) in comparison to controls. Conclusions: Our research has revealed an association between diabetes and an increased susceptibility to peripheral vestibular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14070768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:14:53Z","timestamp":1721380493000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of Peripheral Vestibular Disorder with Diabetes: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tzong-Hann","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of General Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Fu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4661-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herng-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Shyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Economics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.06.016","article-title":"Trends in prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus from 2005 to 2014 in Taiwan","volume":"118","author":"Sheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140604","article-title":"Impact of Diabetic Complications on Balance and Falls: Contribution of the Vestibular System","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181f2f035","article-title":"Diabetes, vestibular dysfunction, and falls: Analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"31","author":"Agrawal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28877","article-title":"Peripheral Vestibular Disorders: Nationwide Evidence from Taiwan","volume":"131","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697033","article-title":"Diabetes and Auditory-Vestibular Pathology","volume":"40","author":"Elangovan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Hear."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726041","article-title":"Auditory and Vestibular Functioning in Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemstematic Review","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Np225","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319878546","article-title":"The Role of Comorbidities in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo","volume":"100","author":"Sreenivas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489417718846","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Patients with vestibular neuronitis","volume":"126","author":"Oron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000820","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000820","article-title":"Inner ear is a target for insulin signaling and insulin resistance: Evidence from mice and auditory HEI-OC1 cells","volume":"8","author":"Kopietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"160","article-title":"Impaired carbohydrate metabolism and idiopathic Meniere\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Updegraff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"170","article-title":"Glucose and insulin profiles and their correlations in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Lavinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Tinnitus J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509125240","article-title":"Clinical survey of Meni\u00e9re\u2019s disease: 574 cases","volume":"520","author":"Haid","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1373850","article-title":"Concomitant diseases and their effect on disease prognosis in Meniere\u2019s disease: Diabetes mellitus identified as a negative prognostic factor","volume":"138","author":"Sorri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"144","article-title":"Possible effect of diabetes and hypertension on the quality of life of patients suffering from M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease","volume":"160","author":"Stefani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198110000-00012","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease","volume":"91","author":"Meyerhoff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487909126442","article-title":"Meni\u00e8re\u2019s disease: Etiology and natural history","volume":"87","author":"Schmidt","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101423","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: A review","volume":"71","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1614-x","article-title":"Expression of insulin signalling components in the sensory epithelium of the human saccule","volume":"352","author":"Degerman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S215","article-title":"The high-fat diet-fed mouse: A model for studying mechanisms and treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Winzell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150549","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Meni\u00e8re\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Carey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-150563","article-title":"Retrospective data suggests that the higher prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in individuals with type 2 diabetes is mediated by hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Staecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Np112","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320943362","article-title":"Risk Factors for the Recurrence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820902116","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Community Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"162","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700583","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D, Low Bone Mineral Density, and Diabetes Mellitus as Probable Risk Factors for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Elderly","volume":"24","author":"Bazoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001800","article-title":"Recurrence in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Large, Single-Institution Study","volume":"39","author":"Luryi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811407610","article-title":"Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and deposits in the semicircular canals","volume":"145","author":"Yoda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.0463","article-title":"Otoconial Degeneration After Transient Ischemia Induced by Four-Vessel Occlusion in Rats","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945606500311","article-title":"Postural vertigo due to unilateral sudden partial loss of vestibular function","volume":"65","author":"Hemenway","year":"1956","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1912-4","article-title":"Incidence, seasonality and comorbidity in vestibular neuronitis","volume":"36","author":"Adamec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2022.01.002","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in superior vestibular neuronitis: A cross-sectional study following STROBE guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Charpiot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-220201","article-title":"Acute vestibular neuronitis\/vestibular neuronitis: Diagnostic criteria","volume":"32","author":"Strupp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70098-1","article-title":"Myelin-sheath abnormalities in the vestibular nerves of chronically diabetic rats","volume":"119","author":"Myers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70402-X","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of horizontal canal nerves of chronically diabetic rats","volume":"120","author":"Myers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509126559","article-title":"Morphological evidence of vestibular pathology in long-term experimental diabetes mellitus. I. Microvascular changes","volume":"100","author":"Myers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488709109045","article-title":"Morphological evidence of vestibular pathology in long-term experimental diabetes mellitus. II. Connective tissue and neuroepithelial pathology","volume":"104","author":"Myers","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001018","article-title":"Vascular and Neuroepithelial Histopathology of the Saccule in Humans with Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"37","author":"Kocdor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07660-9","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with vestibular neuritis by caloric testing and directional preponderance calculation","volume":"280","author":"Jassoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000276242","article-title":"Asymptomatic electronystagmographic abnormalities in patients with type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Biurrun","year":"1991","journal-title":"ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31130-7","article-title":"Otoneurologic findings in Type 1 Diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"73","author":"Rigon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.03.017","article-title":"Auditory function and motor proficiency in type 1 diabetic children: A case-control study","volume":"109","author":"Mohammad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/14\/7\/768\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:19:36Z","timestamp":1760109576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/14\/7\/768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm14070768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm14070768","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]}}}