{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T03:31:41Z","timestamp":1768534301470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","award":["NRF-2022R1F1A1074934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1F1A1074934"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with trial sequential analysis (TSA) aimed to comprehensively evaluate and compare the efficacy of the prophylactic administration of tropisetron in the prevention of the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024372692). RCTs comparing the efficacy of the perioperative administration of tropisetron with that of a placebo, other anti-emetic agents, or a combination of anti-emetic injections were retrieved from the databases of Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The frequency of rescue anti-emetic use (RA) and the incidence of PON, POV, and PONV (relative risk [RR]: 0.718; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.652\u20130.790; I2 = 0.0, RR: 0.587; 95% CI 0.455\u20130.757; I2 = 63.32, RR: 0.655; 95% CI 0.532\u20130.806; I2 = 49.09, and RR: 0.622; 95% CI 0.552\u20130.700; I2 = 0.00, respectively) in the tropisetron group were lower than those in the control group; however, the incidence of complete response (CR) was higher in the tropisetron group (RR: 1.517;95% CI 1.222\u20131.885; I2 = 44.14). TSA showed the cumulative Z-curve exceeded both the conventional test and trial sequential monitoring boundaries for RA, PON, POV, and PONV between the tropisetron group and the control group. Thus, the prophylactic administration of tropisetron exhibited superior efficacy in the prevention of PON, POV, and PONV. Furthermore, a lower incidence of RA and a higher incidence of CR were observed with its use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14080797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1722337885000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Prophylactic Tropisetron on Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geun Joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Joung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004833","article-title":"Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"131","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2017.01.005","article-title":"Relationship between the incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"41","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_401_19","article-title":"Prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Amirshahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ljungqvist, O., Francis, N.K., and Urman, R.D. (2020). Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A Complete Guide to Optimizing Outcomes, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33443-7"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aan.2018.07.004","article-title":"Updates in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"36","author":"Kovac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199346050-00009","article-title":"Tropisetron. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential as an antiemetic","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/73.3.395","article-title":"Recent developments in the physiology and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine","volume":"73","author":"Hindle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"11","article-title":"Tropisetron. A review of the clinical experience","volume":"43","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0663-3","article-title":"Comparative pharmacology and guide to the use of the serotonin 5-ht3 receptor antagonists for postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"76","author":"Kovac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03110-2","article-title":"Tropisetron but not granisetron ameliorates spatial memory impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"45","author":"Divanbeigi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.02.025","article-title":"Tropisetron sensitizes \u03b17 containing nicotinic receptors to low levels of acetylcholine in vitro and improves memory-related task performance in young and aged animals","volume":"117","author":"Callahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2022.2046923","article-title":"Tropisetron attenuates neuroinflammation and chronic neuropathic pain via \u03b17nachr activation in the spinal cord in rats","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000068580.00245.95","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"97","author":"Gan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2021.42.7.20210135","article-title":"Comparison of ondansetron and tropisetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15295","article-title":"Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: An abridged cochrane network meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Weibel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2495-4","article-title":"Perioperative antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone versus 5-ht3 receptor antagonists: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"74","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Thomas, J. (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Wiley-Blackwell. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2023.12.1.3","article-title":"Introduction to Umbrella Reviews as a Useful Evidence-Based Practice","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Lipid Atheroscler."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"Prisma 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.23278","article-title":"Intention-to-treat versus as-treated versus per-protocol approaches to analysis","volume":"76","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"29","article-title":"A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials","volume":"10","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hozo, S.P., Djulbegovic, B., and Hozo, I. (2005). Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, D., Alves, C., and Batel-Marques, F. (2017). Number needed to treat (NNT) in clinical literature: An appraisal. BMC Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0875-8"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.21038","article-title":"Trial sequential analysis: Novel approach for meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Pain. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"560","article-title":"The effects of the prophylactic tropisetron-propofol combination on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing thyroidectomy under desflurane anesthesia","volume":"73","author":"Akin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mt. Sinai J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb13639.x","article-title":"Tropisetron and metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A comparative, placebo controlled study in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery","volume":"51","author":"Kanto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"338","article-title":"Tropisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic surgery","volume":"82","author":"Alon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-001-9191-6","article-title":"Tropisetron vs ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Argiriadou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/76.1.54","article-title":"Single dose i.V. Tropisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery","volume":"76","author":"Capouet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199810000-00035","article-title":"Single-dose tropisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery","volume":"87","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942008000100005","article-title":"Prophylactic antiemetic therapy for acute abdominal surgery. A comparative study of droperidol, metoclopramide, tropisetron, granisetron and dexamethasone","volume":"58","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01671.x","article-title":"Anti-emetic prophylaxis with oral tropisetron and\/or dexamethasone","volume":"36","author":"Eberhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000320747","article-title":"A randomized comparison of droperidol, metoclopramide, tropisetron, and ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"71","author":"Ekinci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obs. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430609.x","article-title":"Tropisetron or droperidol in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A comparative, randomised, double-blind study in women undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"43","author":"Jokela","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460508.x","article-title":"Oral ondansetron, tropisetron or metoclopramide to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: A comparison in high-risk patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery","volume":"46","author":"Jokela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2346.1999.00504.x","article-title":"Comparison of ondansetron and tropisetron combined with droperidol for the prevention of emesis in women with a history of post-operative nausea and vomiting","volume":"16","author":"Koivuranta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200304000-00003","article-title":"Randomized, double-blinded comparison of tropisetron and placebo for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after supratentorial craniotomy","volume":"15","author":"Madenoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00365.x","article-title":"Tropisetron alleviate early post-operative pain after gynecological laparoscopy in sevoflurane based general anaesthesia: A randomized, parallel-group, factorial study","volume":"18","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-011-1119-2","article-title":"Antiemetic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: A randomized, double-blind comparison of three 5-ht3 agents","volume":"25","author":"Metaxari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"386","article-title":"Randomised, prospective, controlled trial comparing tropisetron with metoclopramide and placebo in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"50","author":"Muhammad","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011739","article-title":"Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, tropisetron, granisetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized, double-blind comparison with placebo","volume":"43","author":"Naguib","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200109000-00009","article-title":"Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. Combined antiemetic treatment with tropisetron and metoclopramide vs. metoclopramide alone","volume":"18","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"662","article-title":"Comparison of tropisetron, droperidol, and saline in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecologic surgery","volume":"84","author":"Purhonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"107","article-title":"A randomized double-blind study of prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with ondansetron, tropisetron, or granisetron in patients undergoing general anesthesia","volume":"29","author":"Quan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-199811000-00009","article-title":"Tropisetron or ondansetron compared with placebo for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"15","author":"Scholz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9902700506","article-title":"Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynaecological laparotomies: A comparison of tropisetron and ondansetron","volume":"27","author":"Tsui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200207000-00042","article-title":"Small-dose dexamethasone reduces nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A comparison of tropisetron with saline","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1053\/ajot.2002.126319","article-title":"Low-dose dexamethasone reduces nausea and vomiting after tympanomastoid surgery: A comparison of tropisetron with saline","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev352","article-title":"Dexamethasone alone vs in combination with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation or tropisetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynaecological patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, F., Xiao, H., Zhu, T., Man, Y., and Ji, F. (2022). Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological day surgery under remimazolam general anesthesia: A randomized double-blind controlled study. BMC Anesth., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01835-x"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1363-5","article-title":"Combination of dexamethasone and tropisetron before thyroidectomy to alleviate postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.109817","article-title":"Granisetron versus tropisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total thyroidectomy","volume":"7","author":"Papadima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.1999.9.141","article-title":"Nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: A study of the incidence and the effects of tropisetron prophylaxis","volume":"9","author":"Jakobsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/71.5.677","article-title":"Tropisetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients after gynaecological surgery","volume":"71","author":"Zomers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.J., Ahn, E., Choi, G.J., and Kang, H. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of palonosetron and ramosetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13010082"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, W., Shahbaz, O., Teskey, G., Beever, A., Kachour, N., Venketaraman, V., and Darmani, N.A. (2021). Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting: Current knowledge and recent advances in intracellular emetic signaling systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115797"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.23142","article-title":"Association between preoperative lumbar skeletal muscle index and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: A retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesia Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.17085\/apm.23097","article-title":"Opioid-free anesthesia using a combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Vishnuraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16605","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016605","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.03.010","article-title":"Commonly used antiemetics for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after caesarean delivery with neuraxial morphine: A network meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.4789","article-title":"Antiemetics: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update","volume":"35","author":"Hesketh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21666","article-title":"Recent advances with 5-HT3 modulators for neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"40","author":"Juza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666201015155816","article-title":"5-ht3 receptor antagonism: A potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression and other disorders","volume":"19","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.015487","article-title":"5-ht3 Receptor antagonists in neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders: The iceberg still lies beneath the surface","volume":"71","author":"Fakhfouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S166912","article-title":"Recent advances in antiemetics: New formulations of 5HT3-receptor antagonists","volume":"10","author":"Gilmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8733","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666210708091134","article-title":"Synthesis and development of indole based 5-ht3 receptor antagonists as anti-emetic drugs in oncology: An update","volume":"28","author":"Reyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.85.70","article-title":"Possible involvement of 5-ht4 receptors, in addition to 5-ht3 receptors, in the emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin in Suncus murinus","volume":"85","author":"Horikoshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ05001X","article-title":"Antiemetic activity of fk1052, a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonist, in suncus murinus and ferrets","volume":"98","author":"Nakayama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nouriel, J., and De Oliveira, G. (2016). Pharmacology of serotonin antagonists. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316135853.008"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000369","article-title":"PharmGKB summary: Ondansetron and tropisetron pathways, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"29","author":"Huddart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32562","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032562","article-title":"Effect of preoperative tropisetron treatment on postoperative cognitive function: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524022666220512122525","article-title":"Potential roles of 5-ht3 receptor antagonists in reducing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (cipn)","volume":"23","author":"Satiamurthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"e48032","article-title":"Beyond the pain: A systematic narrative review of the latest advancements in fibromyalgia treatment","volume":"15","author":"Ram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-002-0373-y","article-title":"Tropisetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A quantitative systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Kranke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y.J., Choi, G.J., Ahn, E.J., and Kang, H. (2021). Pharmacologic interventions for postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243865"}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/14\/8\/797\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:25:12Z","timestamp":1760109912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/14\/8\/797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm14080797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm14080797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]}}}