{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:15:21Z","timestamp":1790727321737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010609","name":"Medical University of Gda\u0144sk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01-10024\/0006051\/01\/221\/221\/0\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-10024\/0006051\/01\/221\/221\/0\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Residual symptoms are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD), encompassing a wide spectrum of symptoms such as sleep disturbances, changes in weight and appetite, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. These symptoms consistently impair daily functioning, diminish quality of life, and forecast disease relapse. Despite their clinical significance, residual symptoms lack a unified definition, potentially leading to confusion with treatment-emergent symptoms and ambiguity across studies, thereby hindering the generalizability of research findings. While some research identifies insomnia and mood disturbances as critical indicators, other studies emphasize different symptoms or find no significant correlation. Inconsistencies in defining residual symptoms, as well as methodological differences across studies, contribute to these conflicting results. While clinicians focus on alleviating negative symptoms to improve functional status, patients often prioritize achieving positive affect and overall well-being as essential components of successful treatment. It necessitates a comprehensive approach to patient care in depression. This review explores the phenomenon of residual symptoms in MDD, focusing on the ambiguity in definitions, clinical characteristics, and their impact on long-term outcomes. The lack of a standardized regulatory or academic definition for residual symptoms leads to varied interpretations among clinicians, underscoring the need for standardized terminology to guide effective treatment strategies and future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14080828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T15:45:22Z","timestamp":1722872722000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Search for Consistency in Residual Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Pastuszak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6343-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wies\u0142aw Jerzy","family":"Cuba\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4061-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Kwa\u015bny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mechli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32408-5","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of depression: A Lancet\u2013World Psychiatric Association Commission","volume":"393","author":"Herrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.124","article-title":"Real-world evidence from a European cohort study of patients with treatment resistant depression: Baseline patient characteristics","volume":"283","author":"Heerlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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